Table 2.
Main components of the essential oils isolated from different species of the Lamiaceae plant family with pesticidal prominence.
| Species | Main Components (percentage) |
|---|---|
| Agastache foeniculum | Estragole (94.0), 1,8-cineole (3.3), 1-octen-3-ol (0.5), and germacrene D (0.4) [42]. |
| Hyptis spicigera | α-Pinene (21.7), caryophyllene (18.4), sabinene (17.4), and β-pinene (13.8) [43]. |
| Hyptis suaveolens | Sabinene (27.0), caryophyllene (17.1), terpinolene (11.9), and β-pinene (9.4) [43]. |
| Lavandula angustifolia | Linalool (28.6), 1,8-cineole (18.6), borneol (15.9), and camphor (8.2) [44]. |
| Lavandula hybrid | Linalool (37.3), linalyl acetate (24.6), 1,8-cineole (9.9), and camphor (6.5) [45]. |
| Lavandula luisieri | 1,8-Cineole (26.3), nerol acetate (17.5), α-necrodo (8.2), and fenchone (6.6) [74]. |
| Lavandula stoechas | Fenchone (41.9), camphor (34.6), α-pinene (2.8), and linalool (2.7) [74]. |
| Lepechinia betonicifolia | Limonene (27.5), α-pinene (19.4), β-pinene (9.5), and caryophyllene (6.8) [48]. |
| Mentha arvensis | Menthol (59.8), menthone (20.0), menthyl acetate (6.5), and pulegone (2.8) [49]. |
| Mentha longifolia | Carvone (54.7), limonene (20.0), β-pinene (5.0), and piperitenone (5.0) [50]. |
| Mentha microphylla | Piperitenone oxide (46.7), piperitone oxide (28.0), and 1,8-cineole (13.3) [51]. |
| Mentha piprita | Limonene (27.3), menthol (24.7), menthone (14.0), and carvone (8.5) [52]. |
| Mentha pulegium | Pulegone (73.4), piperitenone (5.5), decane (5.0), and limonene (3.1) [52]. |
| Mentha spicata | Piperitenone oxide (35.7), 1,8-cineole (14.5), calamene (6.4), and viridiflorol (4.3) [50]. |
| Mentha suaveolens | Piperitenone oxide (62.7), α-pinene (3.4), limonene (3.3), and ρ-cymene (2.6) [50]. |
| Melissa officinalis | γ-Terpinene (47.9), carvacrol (31.4), α-terpinene (5.2), and ρ-cymene (4.3) [53]. |
| Ocimum americanum | Methyl eugenol (53.9), eugenol (23.9), caryophyllene (17.7), and β-chamigene (2.2) [54]. |
| Ocimum basilicum | Estragole (86.3), α-bergamotene (5.9), ocimene (2.5), and β-elemene (1.9) [54]. |
| Ocimum gratissimum | Methyl eugenol (64.4), ocimene (10.4), and caryophyllene (5.1) [75]. |
| Ocimum sanctum | α-Cubebene (12.5), geranial (12.3), caryophyllene (10.8), and α-bisabolene (10.2) [54]. |
| Origanum acutidens | Carvacrol (86.9), γ-terpinene (0.7), and ρ-cymene (1.9) [57]. |
| Origanum elongatum | Carvacrol (67.3), γ-terpinene (9.3), thymol (9.2), and ρ-cymene (4.2) [58]. |
| Origanum glandulosum | Thymol (38.8), carvacrol (32.9), ρ-cymene (7.9), and γ-terpinene (5.1) [59]. |
| Origanum onites | Thymol (22.9), γ-terpinene (13.0), ρ-cymene (12.9) and carvacrol (7.2) [60]. |
| Origanum rotundifolium | Carvacrol (56.8), ρ-cymene (13.1), ocimene (5.4), and caryophyllene (3.9) [76]. |
| Origanum vulgare | Thymol (27.18), p-cymene (18.97), and carvacrol (4.04) [13]. |
| Perilla frutescens | Carvone (32.6), perilla aldehyde (20.5), and caryophyllene (9.9) [62]. |
| Perovskia atriplicifolia | Camphor (28.4), 1,8-cineole (23.2), 3-caren (7.5), and α-pinene (6.7) [63]. |
| Phlomis umbrosa | Geranial (16.5), linalool (13.3), geraniol (7.4), and caryophyllene (6.3) [64]. |
| Rosmarinus officinalis | α-Pinene (19.6), 1,8-cineole (9.1), limonene (8.2), and camphene (3.8) [48]. |
| Salvia apiana | 1,8-Cineole (71.7), α-pinene (5.1), camphor (4.4), and β-pinene (3.8) [66]. |
| Salvia elegans | Borneol (17.4), β-eudesmol (10.4), bornyl acetate (5.0), and guaiol (4.8) [66]. |
| Salvia fruticosa | Camphor (23.1), α-pinene (12.7), borneol (12.6), and camphene (9.0) [50]. |
| Salvia hydrangea | caryophyllene(33.4) and caryophyllene oxide (25.4) [77]. |
| Salvia leucantha | Bornyl acetate (11.4), caryophyllene (6.5), caryophyllene oxide (13.5), and spathulenol (7.0) [66]. |
| Salvia multicaulis | 1,8-Cineole (17.0), α-pinene (11.5), caryophyllene (8.9), and ρ-cymene (3.7) [78]. |
| Salvia numerosa | Sabinene (37.0), germacrene D (9.0), caryophyllene (8.0), and caryophyllene oxide (2.6) [79]. |
| Salvia officialis | α-Thujene (25.8), viridiflorol (20.4), β-thujene (5.7), and camphor (6.4) [66]. |
| Salvia pomifera | Terpinen-4-ol (15.8), caryophyllene oxide (13.2), sabinene (12.9), and β-pinene (12.1) [50]. |
| Salvia pratensis | Dodecane (30.4), tridecane (12.1), Undecane (11.9), and 1,8-cineole (6.3) [67]. |
| Salvia sclarea | Sclareol (11.0), germacrene D (9.8), caryophyllene (9.0), and α-terpineol (7.4) [78]. |
| Satureja hortensis | Oleic acid (17.0), thymol (16.5), palmitic acid (12.7), and 1,8-cineole (10.9) [68]. |
| Satureja khuzistanica | Carvacrol (81.1), ρ-cymene (3.3), β-bisabolene (2.7), and γ-terpinene (2.3) [69]. |
| Satureja spicigera | Carvacrol (53.7), thymol (36.0), and caryophyene oxide (6.1) [80]. |
| Satureja thymbra | Carvacrol (53.7), γ-terpinene (17.6), thymol (13), and ρ-cymene (10.1) [70]. |
| Teucrium polium | Lycopersene (26.0), dodecane (17.5), tridecane (7.4), and undecane (7.2) [68]. |
| Thymus daenensis | Thymol (72.3), carvacrol (7.1), ρ-cymene (5.4), and γ-terpinene (4.8) [69]. |
| Thymus eriocalyx | Thymol (28.8), oleic acid (11.5), palmitic acid (8.6), and borneol (5.7) [71]. |
| Thymus fallax | Carvacrol (66.1), ρ-cymene (7.1), ocimene (5.5), and γ-terpinene (4.6) [81]. |
| Thymus kotschyanus | Camphene (35.6), linalyl acetate (20.5), linalool (14.8), and α-terpineol (13.9) [71]. |
| Thymus persicus | Carvacrol (44.7) thymol (11.0), terpinen-4-ol (8.12), and α-pinene (6.2) [82]. |
| Thymus satureioides | Borneol (36.6), α-terpineol (15.8), camphene (8.9), and α-pinene (4.3) [58]. |
| Thymus sipyleus | Thymol (38.3), carvacrol (38.0), γ-terpinene (7.28%) and ρ-cymene (4.2) [83]. |
| Thymus vulgaris | Carvacrol (64.96), thymol (8.25), and p-cymene (11.29) [13]. |
| Zataria multiflora | Thymol (47.5), ρ-cymene (13.2), carvacrol (9.6), and linalool (7.9) [84]. |
| Zhumeria majdae | Linalool (58.3), camphor (25.9), linalool oxide (1.5), and borneol (1.1) [73]. |