Figure 1.

Effects of oral administration of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis A6 (BAA6) or Akkermansia muciniphila (AKK) on metabolic parameters in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. (A) Body weight, (B) body weight gain, (C) relative adipose tissue, and serum levels of (D) total triglyceride (TG), (E) total cholesterol (TC), and (F) low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) following daily treatment with 10⁹ colony-forming units (CFU)/kg of BAA6 or AKK. Values are expressed as means ± SD (n = 6). Bars with different lowercase letters denote significant differences among groups (p < 0.05). HFD, fed high-fat diet for 17 weeks; HFD + BAA6, fed high-fat diet and treated with Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis A6 for the final eight weeks; HFD + AKK, fed high-fat diet and treated with Akkermansia muciniphila for the final eight weeks; ND, fed normal diet for 17 weeks.