Figure 2.

Antioxidant activity of ALE. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay (A), 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay (B), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay (C) were used to monitor the antioxidant activities of ALE at different doses. (D) ARPE-19 cells, a human retinal pigment epithelial cell line, were treated with ALE prior to N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine (A2E) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was monitored with the use of 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, acetyl ester (CM-H₂DCFDA). The values represent the mean ± SD (n ≥ 3). *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001 vs blank group, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test.