Table 1:
Characteristics of mouse lines with altered GH action
| Name of mouse line | bGH | LiGHRKO | FaGHRKO | AdGHRKO | AOiGHD | aiGHRKO | GHA | Ames and Snell dwarf mice | GHR–/– |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GH alteration | Transgenic for bovine GH | Liver specific disruption of GHR | Fat specific disruption of GHR using ap2 promoter driving cre expression | Adipocyte-specific disruption of GHR using adipQ promoter driving cre expression | Adult GH deficiency via somatotroph destruction | Adult GH deficiency via adult inducible deletion of GHR | GHR antagonist gene | Homozygous recessive mutation in Pit-1 (Snell) or prop1 (Ames) | Disruption of GHR gene |
| General features | |||||||||
| GH action | ↑↑ | ↓ liver; ↑ all extrahepatic tissues | ↓ in AT only | ↓ in adipocytes only | ↓ (10–12 weeks) | ↓ (6 weeks) | ↓ | ↓ | Absent |
| GH | ↑↑ | ↑ | ↔ | ↔ | ↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↓↓ | ↑ |
| IGF1 | ↑↑ | ↓ | ↑ male | ↔ | ↓ | ↓↓ | ↓ | ↓↓ | ↓↓ |
| Body weight | ↑↑ | ↓ | ↑ | ↔ | ↔ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓↓ | ↓↓ |
| Insulin sensitivity | ↓ | ↓ | ↔ | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ ↔ | ↑ | ↑ |
| Lifespan | ↓ | ↔ | ↓ | N.d. | N.d. | ↔ male; ↑ female |
↔ | ↑↑ | ↑↑ |
| White adipose tissue features | |||||||||
| Mass | ↑ young ↓ old |
↑ young ↓ old |
↑↑ | ↑↑ | ↑ (after induction) | ↑ (after induction) | ↑↑ | ↑ | ↑↑ |
| Depot differences | All depots impacted | All depots impacted | All depots impacted | All depots impacted | Sc and Retro | sc | sc | sc | sc |
| Leptin | ↓ | ↑ female | ↑ female ↔ male |
↔ | ↑ | ↔ | ↑↑ | ↑ ↔ |
↑ |
| Adiponectin | ↓ | ↑ | ↓ male ↔ female |
↓ | ↔ | N.d. | ↑ | ↑ | ↑↑ |
| Resistin | ↓ | ↑ | ↔ | ↓ | N.d. | ↑ female | ↑ | ↔ | ↑ |
| Senescence | ↑ | N.d. | N.d. | N.d. | N.d. | N.d. | ↔ | N.d. | ↓ |
| Fibrosis | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | N.d. | N.d. | ↓ | N.d. | ↓ |
| Immune Cells** | |||||||||
| M1 | ↔ | N.d. | N.d. | N.d. | N.d. | N.d. | N.d. | N.d. | ↑ |
| M2 | ↑ | N.d. | N.d. | N.d. | N.d. | N.d. | N.d. | N.d. | ↑ |
| T cells | ↑ | N.d. | N.d. | N.d. | N.d. | N.d. | N.d. | N.d. | ↑ |
↑, increase; ↔, no change; ↓, decrease; GHR, growth hormone receptor, N.d., no data.
Sc, subcutaneous white adipose tissue; retro, retroperitoneal white adipose tissue; M1, classically activated macrophages; M2, alternatively activated macrophages
*
Data obtained from flow cytometry only