Figure 4.

Fernblock® (FB) induces NRF2 activation and downstream transcription in keratinocytes. (a, b) NRF2 induction and activation was monitored in HaCaT cells by immunofluorescence microscopy across indicated treatment conditions. Scale bar (20 microns) is indicated. Exemplary cells with increased NRF2 staining specifically at the nuclear compartment are highlighted with asterisks in panel (a). Data plotted in (b) was derived from 50 cells from 3 independent biological replicates across conditions and expressed as normalized to untreated cells. (c, d) NQO1 induction downstream NRF2 was assessed in HaCaT cells by immunofluorescence microscopy (c) and immunoblotting (d, upper panel) across indicated conditions. (d, lower panel) Densitometric analysis of western blot data from 3 independent biological replicates is plotted as normalized to the signal observed in untreated cells. ^∗∗∗p ≤ 0.005.