Table 2.
LL-37 loading values for various nanocarriers of different sizes reported in the literature. LL-37 loading values achieved in the present study for CaP nanocarriers outperform all LL-37 loading values found in the literature. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values of LL-37 and of the nanoparticle dose for the presented nanocarriers are also shown.
| Nanocarrier | Hydrodynamic Diameter (nm) | Pathogen | LL-37 Loading (mg/g particle) |
LL-37 MIC (μg/mL) |
NPs MIC (μg/mL) |
Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PLGA | 163 |
E. coli (ATCC 25922) |
1.02 ± 0.06 | No significant antimicrobial activity | [37] | |
| Nanostructured Lipid Carriers | 220.6 |
E. coli (ATCC 25922) |
16.76 ± 0.07 | 20 (72% killing) |
1193 | [36] |
| Solid Lipid nanoparticles | 232.2 (loaded particles) |
E. coli (ATCC 25922) S. aureus (ATCC 25923) |
8.48–16.32 | 2–3 (65–72% killing) |
184–236 | [32] |
| 2–3 (42–47% killing) | ||||||
| Au | 10.47 ± 1.89 | Methicillin-resistant S. aureus | 0.56 | 0.9 | 1536 | [45] |
| Mesoporous SiO2 | 307.9 * 294.6 * |
E. coli (ATCC 25922) |
24.1 ** 129.7 ** |
2.2 | 93 | [31] |
| 44.9 | 346 | |||||
| Calcium Phosphate | 230 (dBET = 8 nm) |
S. pneumoniae (T4, ATCC BAA-34) E. coli (HVM52) |
813.4 ± 101.3 | 50 | 61 | This work |
| 200 | 246 | |||||
* as determined by SEM. ** Calculated assuming SiO2 particle density 2.2 g/cm3 [46]. Detailed calculations are presented in Supplementary Materials.