Figure 3.

DMF increases apoptosis while protecting VSMCs from aponecrosis. Cells were treated for 24 h with 20, 50, 75 or 100 μM DMF and cell death assessed by Annexin V/PI staining followed flow cytometry detection. (a) Percentage of apoptotic cells measured by Anexin V positive, (b) Percentage of aponecrotic cells measured by PI and AnnexinV positive, (c) Absolute cell count. Asterisks (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001), indicate significant differences compared to cells stimulated solely by TNF (ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni test).