Figure 4.

DMF modulates the expression of genes known to be essential for inflammation, oxidative damage, and fibrosis in the experimental model of IA. (a) Nrf2, (b) Keap1, (c) Type I Collagen, (d) MMP2 and (e) TNF-α. Quantitative RT-PCR from vehicle-treated and DMF-treated groups (with or without aneurysm) was compared to cerebral artery tissue from sham-operated group (n = 9). Comparisons between the three groups were made using ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni test (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001).