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. 2020 Mar 28;25(7):1554. doi: 10.3390/molecules25071554

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Effect of undecane on degranulation in dinitrophenyl immunoglobulin E/human serum albumin (DNP-IgE/HAS) stimulated RBL-2H3 cells. RBL-2H3 cells were pretreated with gradient concentrations of undecane (0.5, 1 and 5 μM) for 1 h and stimulated with DNP-IgE/HSA (50 ng/mL each) for 5 h. After that, (A) the images of toluidine blue-stained cells were captured. Arrows show that the cell morphology was irregular and unclear. Purple granules were secreted outside the cells. The scale bar represents 100 μm. (B) RBL-2H3 cells were incubated with undecane (1 μM) for various times and the effect of undecane on intracellular cAMP levels was determined. RBL-2H3 cells were preincubated with undecane for 1 h and stimulated with DNP-IgE/HSA (50 ng/mL each) for 5 h. (C) The histamine and (D) tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) concentrations were then measured in the supernatants. The final concentrations were normalized to the total cellular protein amount. The data were expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 3). Significant differences between groups are indicated by asterisks; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.