Figure 4.

Effect of undecane on mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines in HaCaT cells. After pretreatment (1 h) of vehicle (DMSO) or undecane (5 μM), the cells were incubated with TNF-α/IFN-γ for 6 h and the mRNA expression levels of the proinflammatory cytokines such as (A) thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), (B) macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) and (C) interleukin-8 (IL-8) and anti-inflammatory cytokine, (D) interleukin-10 (IL-10), were determined. All gene expression data were normalized against GAPDH. The data were expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 3). Significant differences between groups are indicated by asterisks; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.