Figure 3.

Determination of MDA and H₂O₂ levels. The levels of MDA and H₂O₂ were increased in PoTwS cells compared to PC12 cells (without any treatment). The PC12+syn⁺+sep⁻+hydroxytyrosol cell line displayed the lowest levels of MDA and H₂O₂ compared to PoTwS cells. The PC12+hydroxytyrosol and PC12+syn⁺+sep⁻+hydroxytyrosol cell lines were pretreated with 100 µM of hydroxytyrosol for 12 h. The description of each cell line is given in the Supplementary Table S3. Data are mean and S.E. values from three independent experiments (n = 3). # p < 0.01, relative to PC12 (control cells). * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01, relative to the cells treated only with salsolinol.