Table 1:
Baseline characteristics including reasons for consideration as high-risk AML, cytogenetic make-up, hematologic parameters, mutation profile, specific HMA therapy administered, and comorbidity burden of patients included in the study
| IC | HMA | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pts | 98 | 103 | |
| Gender (M/F) | 69/29 | 65/38 | 0.27 |
| Median age (years) | 68 (60–85) | 74 (63–93) | < 0.01 |
| High-risk AML due to: | |||
| antecedent MDS/MPN (s-AML) | 47 (48%) | 32 (31%) | 0.01 |
| prior chemotherapy (t-AML) | 26 (27%) | 46 (45%) | 0.01 |
| myelodysplasia related changes (AML-MRC) | 61 (62%) | 75 (73%) | 0.18 |
| Cytogenetics: | |||
| complex karyotype (CK) | 48 (49%) | 60 (58%) | 0.19 |
| monosomal karyotype (MK) | 24 (24%) | 49 (48%) | < 0.01 |
| Hematologic parameters (median): | |||
| White blood count (x 109/L) | 6.2 (0.6–222.7) | 3.9 (0.5–118.0) | 0.01 |
| Peripheral blood blasts (%) | 18 (0–99) | 11 (0–95) | 0.11 |
| Marrow blasts (%) | 53.4 (18–96) | 43 (10–91) | 0.0017 |
| Hemoglobin (mg/dL) | 8.9 (4.7–17.0) | 8.8 (4.7–12.4) | 0.43 |
| Platelets (x 109/L) | 67 (5–696) | 48 (5–887) | 0.19 |
| Mutation profile: | |||
| FLT3 (fms-like tyrosine kinase 3) mutation | 6/96 (6.3%) | 4/91 (4.4%) | 0.02 |
| NPM1 (nucleophosmin) mutation | 5/86 (5.8%) | 2/78 (2.6%) | 0.05 |
| Induction HMA therapy with: | |||
| azacitidine | N.A. | 35 (34%) | |
| decitabine | N.A. | 68 (66%) | |
| Treatment Related Mortality (TRM); median (IQR1-IQR3) | |||
| considering all cases as “secondary AML” | 7.4 (3.37–15.56) |
8.6 (5.13–14.71) |
0.29 |
| considering s-AML/t-AML as “secondary AML” | 6.47 (3.18–13.71) |
7.34 (4.42–13.84) |
0.24 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) | |||
| 0 or 1 | 55 (56%) | 38 (37%) | 0.01 |
| ≥ 2 | 43 (44%) | 65 (63%) | |
| Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation-Comorbidity Index (HCT-CI); median (IQR1-IQR3) | 3 (1–5) | 4 (2–5) | 0.03 |