Table 1.
Characteristics of the study cohort on admission to the ICU stratified according to whether or not oliguria was present
| All patients n = 8292 | Oliguria at admission | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No n = 6242 (75.3%) |
Yes n = 2050 (24.7) |
|||
| Urine output (ml/kg/h) median [IQR] | 0.9 [0.5–1.4] | 1.1 [0.8–1.6] | 0.3 [0.1–0.4] | < 0.001 |
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 59.2 ± 18.2 | 58.1 ± 18.3 | 62.5 ± 17.4 | < 0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 4928 (60.0) | 3724 (60.2) | 1204 (59.4) | 0.55 |
| Severity scores, mean ± SD | ||||
| SAPS II score | 40.8 ± 17.5 | 37.9 ± 15.1 | 49.8 ± 20.8 | < 0.001 |
| SOFA score at admission | 6.2 ± 4.2 | 5.7 ± 3.8 | 7.6 ± 5.0 | < 0.001 |
| SOFA score at admission (without renal subscore) | 5.3 ± 3.7 | 5.1 ± 3.5 | 5.8 ± 4.2 | < 0.001 |
| Type of admission, n (%) | ||||
| Surgical (non-trauma) | 2939 (37.2) | 2374 (39.9) | 565 (29.2) | < 0.001 |
| Medical | 4335 (54.9) | 3063 (51.4) | 1272 (65.7) | |
| Trauma | 569 (7.2) | 478 (8.0) | 91 (4.7) | |
| Other | 48 (.6) | 40 (.7) | 8 (.4) | |
| Source of admission, n (%) | ||||
| Other hospital | 825 (9.9) | 625 (10.0) | 200 (9.8) | < 0.01 |
| ER/ambulance | 3151 (38.0) | 2336 (37.4) | 815 (39.8) | |
| OR/recovery room | 1569 (18.9) | 1304 (20.9) | 265 (12.9) | |
| Hospital floor | 2117 (25.5) | 1529 (24.5) | 588 (28.7) | |
| Other | 630 (7.6) | 448 (7.2) | 182 (8.9) | |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| COPD | 1012 (12.2) | 737 (11.8) | 275 (13.4) | 0.06 |
| Cancer | 891 (10.7) | 684 (11.0) | 207 (10.1) | 0.29 |
| Metastatic cancer | 288 (3.5) | 205 (3.3) | 83 (4.0) | 0.11 |
| Hematologic cancer | 178 (2.1) | 126 (2.0) | 52 (2.5) | 0.16 |
| Insulin | 682 (8.2) | 496 (7.9) | 186 (9.1) | 0.12 |
| Heart failure, NYHA III/IV | 648 (7.8) | 445 (7.1) | 203 (9.9) | < 0.001 |
| HIV infection | 56 (.7) | 33 (.5) | 23 (1.1) | < 0.01 |
| Cirrhosis | 283 (3.4) | 188 (3.0) | 95 (4.6) | < 0.001 |
| Immunosuppression | 259 (3.1) | 184 (2.9) | 75 (3.7) | 0.11 |
| Steroid therapy | 273 (3.3) | 208 (3.3) | 65 (3.2) | 0.78 |
| Chemotherapy | 239 (2.9) | 181 (2.9) | 58 (2.8) | 0.94 |
| Organ support, n (%) | ||||
| Mechanical ventilation | 4227 (51.0) | 3184 (51.0) | 1043 (50.9) | 0.92 |
| Renal replacement therapy | 321 (3.9) | 97 (1.6) | 224 (10.9) | < 0.001 |
| Vasopressor use | 2429 (29.3) | 1672 (26.8) | 757 (36.9) | < 0.001 |
| Type of organ failure, n (%) (alone or in combination) | ||||
| Respiratory | 1867 (22.5) | 1334 (21.4) | 533 (26.0) | < 0.001 |
| Coagulation | 530 (6.4) | 345 (5.5) | 185 (9.0) | < 0.001 |
| Hepatic | 885 (10.7) | 658 (10.5) | 227 (11.1) | 0.51 |
| CNS | 1972 (23.8) | 1435 (23.0) | 537 (26.2) | < 0.01 |
| Renal | 1341 (16.2) | 524 (8.4) | 817 (39.9) | < 0.001 |
| Cardiovascular | 2296 (27.7) | 1580 (25.3) | 716 (34.9) | < 0.001 |
| Number of organ failures, n (%) | ||||
| None | 1771 (21.4) | 1489 (23.9) | 282 (13.8) | < 0.001 |
| 1 organ | 2344 (28.3) | 1805 (28.9) | 539 (26.3) | |
| 2 organs | 1693 (20.4) | 1302 (20.9) | 391 (19.1) | |
| 3 organs | 1231 (14.8) | 883 (14.1) | 348 (17.0) | |
| > 3 organs | 1253 (15.1) | 763 (12.2) | 490 (23.9) | |
| Sepsis, n (%) | 1543 (18.6) | 1041 (16.7) | 502 (24.5) | < 0.001 |
| ICU stay, median [IQR] | 3.0 [2.0–6.0] | 3.0 [2.0–6.0] | 3.0 [1.0–7.0] | < 0.001 |
| In survivors | 3.0 [1.0–6.0] | 3.0 [1.0–6.0] | 3.0 [0.0–7.0] | 0.046 |
| In non-survivors | 3.0 [0.0–8.0] | 5.0 [1.0–10.0] | 2.0 [0.0–6.0] | < 0.001 |
| Hospital stay, median [IQR] | 10.0 [5.0–20.0] | 10.0 [6.0–20.0] | 8.0 [2.0–18.0] | < 0.001 |
| In survivors | 11.0 [2.0–21.0] | 11.0 [2.0–21.0] | 11.0 [1.0–22.0] | 0.075 |
| In non-survivors | 5.0 [0.0–14.0] | 7.0 [1.0–15.0] | 3.0 [0.0–10.0] | < 0.001 |
| ICU mortality, n (%) | 1234 (15.2) | 700 (11.5) | 534 (26.8) | < 0.001 |
| Hospital mortality, n (%) | 1649 (21.1) | 983 (16.7) | 666 (34.5) | < 0.001 |
SD standard deviation, SAPS II Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, ER emergency room, OR operating room, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, NYHA New York Heart Association, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, CNS central nervous system, ICU intensive care unit, IQR interquartile range. Percentages are calculated after excluding missing data