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. 2020 Apr 23;11(4):265. doi: 10.1038/s41419-020-2432-1

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 7 — RAGE modulates cell growth by p53-dependent p21^CIP1 up-regulation, which restrains the kinase activity of CDK2 and then blocks the complete phosphorylation of RB. Otherwise, RAGE promotes EMT progression through ERK activation, which decreases E-cadherin through up-regulates Slug, Snail, and Twist expressions. RAGE enhances angiogenesis and TAM infiltration, providing a beneficial tumor microenvironment for tumorigenesis.