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. 2020 Apr 23;10:6877. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-63826-7

Table 3.

Concentrations (μg/kg) of volatile compounds under cluster thinning and girdling in the pulp juice of ‘Jumeigui’ grape at harvest.

Compounds Treatment
CK G CT CTG
C6 compounds
Hexanal 1656 ± 48a 1860 ± 48b 2049 ± 30c 2084 ± 39c
(Z)-3-Hexenal 7.9 ± 2.0a 8.6 ± 2.3ab 10.9 ± 2.5ab 13.3 ± 3.1b
(E)-2-Hexenal 682 ± 23a 815 ± 31b 1095 ± 41c 1198 ± 50d
Hexanol 441 ± 30a 405 ± 45a 643 ± 61b 828 ± 40c
(Z)-3-Hexenol 11.9 ± 0.2a 16.2 ± 0.8b 15.0 ± 0.7b 14.8 ± 0.9b
(E)-2-Hexenol 134 ± 12a 217 ± 54b 189 ± 16ab 229 ± 53b
Subtotal 2933 ± 59a 3322 ± 91b 4001 ± 68c 4367 ± 92d
Alcohols
1-Octen-3-ol 3.28 ± 0.16a 3.14 ± 0.12a 4.84 ± 0.29b 7.29 ± 0.32c
Heptanol 3.58 ± 0.26b 3.04 ± 0.11a 2.87 ± 0.19a 4.08 ± 0.31c
2-Ethyl hexanol* 1.63 ± 0.05a 1.37 ± 0.18a 1.27 ± 0.36a 1.60 ± 0.10a
Octanol 0.83 ± 0.11b 0.57 ± 0.07a 1.10 ± 0.11c 1.52 ± 0.18d
Phenylethyl alcohol 0.83 ± 0.24a 1.20 ± 0.13b 1.70 ± 0.02c 1.53 ± 0.11c
Subtotal 10.2 ± 0.4a 9.3 ± 0.5a 11.8 ± 0.2b 16.0 ± 0.8c
Esters
Ethyl acetate 2275 ± 197a 3343 ± 88b 5159 ± 113d 4885 ± 134c
Ethyl propionate* 3.47 ± 0.23a 4.85 ± 0.21b 5.14 ± 0.64b 8.64 ± 0.98c
Ethyl isobutyrate nd 15.1 ± 8.7a 27.2 ± 6.8a 55. 9 ± 7.0b
Ethyl butyrate 79.2 ± 10.5a 256 ± 6b 318 ± 21c 376. ± 32d
Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate* 2.26 ± 0.42a 8.95 ± 0.44b 12.2 ± 4.9b 13.1 ± 4.6b
Ethyl pentanoate 31.4 ± 3.3a 110 ± 3c 76.1 ± 10.1b 33.7 ± 4.5a
Ethyl hexanoate 29.7 ± 5.0a 62.9 ± 5.7bc 68.1 ± 7.0c 56.5 ± 4.4b
Hexyl acetate 1.18 ± 0.11a 1.96 ± 0.84ab 2.32 ± 0.35ab 3.31 ± 1.09b
2-Hexenoic acid ethyl ester* 3.24 ± 0.29a 5.55 ± 0.51b 11.0 ± 1.4c 14.6 ± 0.5d
Ethyl octanoate* 2.93 ± 2.10a 4.60 ± 0.16ab 6.49 ± 1.77b 6.02 ± 1.56ab
Ethyl 3-hydroxybutyrate* 1.84 ± 0.95a 4.49 ± 0.29b 6.11 ± 0.66c 9.23 ± 0.95d
Subtotal 2430 ± 212a 3817 ± 88b 5691 ± 126c 5462 ± 172c
Aldehydes
Pentanal 4.96 ± 0.94ab 4.46 ± 0.61a 6.17 ± 0.46c 6.02 ± 0.83bc
Heptanal* 12.7 ± 3.6a 13.0 ± 2.3a 13.6 ± 2.8a 13.5 ± 1.7a
Octanal 6.82 ± 0.52a 6.76 ± 1.01a 8.90 ± 0.86b 8.13 ± 0.81ab
Nonanal 59.7 ± 15.1a 48.4 ± 3.2a 64.7 ± 8.1a 53.5 ± 7.1a
Benzaldehyde 17.3 ± 3.1a 16.3 ± 2.6a 17.8 ± 4.4a 17.0 ± 6.5a
Phenylacetaldehyde* 4.68 ± 0.21b 2.77 ± 0.62a 3.24 ± 0.25a 3.47 ± 0.17a
Subtotal 106 ± 17a 91.7 ± 10.0a 114 ± 16a 102 ± 10a
Terpenes
Subtotal 659 ± 11a 722 ± 24b 906 ± 12c 999 ± 13d
Total 6138 ± 298a 7962 ± 149b 10725 ± 192c 10945 ± 231d

CK, the control treatment (unthinned and ungirdled); G, trunk girdled one week before véraison; CT, 50% clusters thinned one week before véraison; CTG, 50% clusters thinned and trunk girdled one week before véraison. Different letters within rows indicate statistically different values (p < 0.05) according to Duncan’s test. *Indicated the semi-quantitative determinations with the internal standards.