Fig. 1. Marine reserve effects before mass coral bleaching.

Points are the average change in each ecological variable on nine reef reserves relative to 12 fished reefs (0 = equal values on reserve and fished reefs). Error bars are drop-one jackknife confidence intervals showing the variance in reserve effects attributable to individual reef sites. Triangles denote ‘change in’. Pre-bleaching macroalgal cover was negligible at all 21 sites and is excluded here (mean = 1.2% ± 5.66 standard error). Corresponding log response ratio values provided in Supplementary Fig. 2. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.