Table 1.

Characteristics of individuals investigated in this study.

	Oligoastheno-spermia	Astheno-spermia	Azoo-spermia	Oligo-spermia	Healthy control
Age (year)	33.91 ± 6.05	31.66 ± 5.97	31.25 ± 5.17	31.15 ± 5.10	30.96 ± 5.11
Sperm density (/ml)	8.66 ± 7.65	52.07 ± 39.99	N/A	13.60 ± 10.46	68.18 ± 40.50
Sperm count	59.83 ± 112.45	190.47 ± 126.27	N/A	66.84 ± 42.68	228.46 ± 118.63
pH	7.28 ± 0.14	7.27 ± 0.18	N/A	7.31 ± 0.19	7.31 ± 0.15
PRa	12.50 ± 7.77	20.63 ± 9.76	N/A	22.60 ± 13.29	45.88 ± 13.05
NPb	10.79 ± 8.79	15.75 ± 6.99	N/A	12.64 ± 6.51	19.70 ± 6.42
IMc	72.31 ± 20.76	63.74 ± 14.29	N/A	65.81 ± 18.84	N/A

^aForward motile sperm. ^bNon-forward motile sperm. ^cImmobile sperm.