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. 2020 Apr 24;10:6970. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-63559-7

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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AAV2.retro-mediated retrograde transport is significantly higher compared to the parent serotype, AAV2. (a) Low and (b) high power photomicrographs of eGFP-stained, rhesus macaque coronal brain sections following injection of AAV2.retro-eGFP (top panel) or AAV2-eGFP (bottom panel) into the caudate and putamen. Rectangles in (a) illustrate the brain regions selected for high power photomicrographs displayed in (b). (c) Cell count analysis demonstrating significantly more GFP⁺ cells in the putamen compared to the caudate, irrespective of serotype, as well as significantly more GFP⁺ cells detected in extra-striatal regions in animals injected with AAV2.retro-eGFP compared to AAV2-eGFP. (d) Area fraction fractionator analysis showing a significantly higher area fraction of GFP positivity in the putamen in animals injected with AAV2-eGFP compared to AAV2.retro-eGFP. Error bars in both graphs represent standard error of the mean (SEM). Abbreviations: ACC (anterior cingulate cortex), AMY (amygdala), Cd (caudate), DPFC (dorsal prefrontal cortex), DPMC (dorsal premotor cortex), Put (putamen), SSC (somatosensory cortex), THAL (thalamus). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Scale bar 2a = 1 centimeter, Scale bar 2b = 100 microns. Graphs were made in GraphPad Prism for Mac, Version 8.