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. 2020 Apr 23;10:6884. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-63879-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Functional viral vector treatment + CNO is sufficient to increase c-Fos-IR in both defeated and non-defeated hamsters in the vmPFC and decrease c-Fos in non-defeated hamsters in the BLA. (A) In non-defeated hamsters, functional + CNO treatment (n = 4) lead to significantly greater c-Fos-IR compared to functional + vehicle (n = 5) and nonfunctional + CNO treatment (n = 3). In defeated hamsters, functional + CNO treatment (n = 9) display significantly greater c-Fos-IR compared to functional + vehicle (n = 7) and nonfunctional + CNO treatment (n = 10). (B) Functional + CNO treatment in non-defeated hamsters led to a significant decrease in c-Fos-IR. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. An asterisk indicates a significant difference between groups (*p < 0.05).