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. 2020 Apr 24;11(4):284. doi: 10.1038/s41419-020-2447-7

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Representative MRI images of TMJOA and control patients. b Age, Wilkes Stage, MIO, and VAS pain score of TMJOA and control patients. N = 40 (20 different patients in each group). *p < 0.05. c Heat map of all differentially expressed circRNAs between TMJOA and control synovial samples. N = 10 (five different samples in each group). d Comparation of circGCN1L1 sequences acquired from circBase and UCSC Genome Browser with the GCN1L1 mRNA sequences. e Images of RNA FISH in synoviocytes from control patients. CircGCN1L1 probes were labeled with Cy3. Nuclei were stained with DAPI. Scale bar, 20 μm. U6 was used as an internal control for nuclear RNA, whereas 18s served as the control for cytoplasmic RNA. N = 3 (three different samples). Data are presented as mean ± S.D. Two-tailed t-test (b) was performed. MRI magnetic resonance imaging, TMJOA temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis, MIO maximum mouth incisor opening, VAS visual analog scale, FISH fluorescence in situ hybridization, DAPI dihydrochloride.