Estimated daily incidence rates in counties with various levels of live poultry market closures across waves of influenza A(H7N9) infections, by duration of closure, China, 2013–2017. A) Wave 1; B) wave 2; C) wave 3; D) wave 4; E) wave 5. Error bars indicate 95% CIs. Asterisks (*) above bars indicate statistically significant (p<0.05) differences between daily incidence rates and reference category (Ref.) rates. Duration categories: no closure during epidemic wave; permanent closure, permanently closed within the epidemic wave or for the entire epidemic wave duration; long-period closure (>14 days within the epidemic wave [10,17]); short-period closure (<14 days within the epidemic wave); and recursive closure, whereby LPMs were closed for 1 or 2 day with a repetition of the closing over time (the closing might be implemented weekly, biweekly, or monthly).