Table 1:

Costs of Ageism on Most-Expensive Health Conditions among Older Persons in 1 Year^a

Effect of Age Discrimination (AD) on Economic Costs
	Cost per person ($)		Prevalence (%)		Excess Cost of High Ageism ($ billions)
	High AD	Low AD	High AD	Low AD
Cardiovascular Disease	2,901	2,700*	29.34%	27.25%*	3.527
Chronic Respiratory Disease	1,098	962*	17.06%	14.93%*	2.379
Musculoskeletal Disorders	986	864*	37.14%	32.63%*	2.131
Injuries	700	643*	21.73%	19.94%*	0.995
Diabetes Mellitus	944	889*	30.49%	28.72%*	0.960
Mental Disorders	323	270*	12.14%	10.30%*	0.928
Non-communicable Disease	1,148	1,085*	69.74%	67.91%*	1.192
Treatment of Smoking	0.40	0.32*	11.18%	8.94%*	0.001
Effect of Negative Age Stereotypes (AS) on Economic Costs
	Negative AS	Positive AS	Negative AS	Positive AS
Cardiovascular Disease	2,840	2,629*	28.68%	26.55%*	7.918
Mental Disorders	348	187*	12.76%	7.85%*	6.050
Chronic Respiratory Disease	1,052	922*	16.34%	14.30%*	4.901
Musculoskeletal Disorders	945	828*	35.61%	31.29%*	4.384
Diabetes Mellitus	935	858*	30.20%	27.73%*	2.875
Injuries	681	626*	21.13%	19.40%*	2.076
Non-communicable Disease	1,127	1,066*	69.14%	67.34%*	0.140
Treatment of Smoking	0.31	0.30*	10.39%	8.32%*	.020
Effect of Negative Self-perceptions of Aging (SPA) on Economic Costs
	Negative SPA	Positive SPA	Negative SPA	Positive SPA
Cardiovascular Disease	3,235	2,284*	32.82%	22.91%*	13.003
Chronic Respiratory Disease	1,268	737*	19.71%	11.40%*	7.268
Musculoskeletal Disorders	1,139	661*	43.16%	24.76%*	6.539
Diabetes Mellitus	1,045	765*	33.76%	24.74%*	3.828
Mental Disorders	338	232*	12.58%	9.07%*	1.458
Non-communicable Disease	1,122	940*	73.56%	63.36%*	0.874
Injuries	687	632*	21.32%	19.58%*	.762
Treatment of Smoking	0.38	0.31*	10.64%	8.51%*	.001

^aBased on population of Americans aged 60 or older in 2013.

*These differences are significant at p < .001 after adjusting for age and sex.