Table 1. Characteristics of 18 Patients with Covid-19 with ST-Segment Elevation on Electrocardiography.*.
| Characteristic | Total (N=18) |
Myocardial Infarction (N=8) |
Noncoronary Myocardial Injury (N=10) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median age (IQR) — yr | 63 (54–73) | 60 (56–73) | 66 (54–73) |
| Male sex — no. (%) | 15 (83) | 7 (88) | 8 (80) |
| Race or ethnic group — no. (%)† | |||
| White | 4 (22) | 1 (12) | 3 (30) |
| Black | 2 (11) | 1 (12) | 1 (10) |
| Hispanic | 9 (50) | 4 (50) | 5 (50) |
| Asian | 3 (17) | 2 (25) | 1 (10) |
| Risk factor — no. (%)‡ | |||
| Hypertension | 11/17 (65) | 6/7 (86) | 5/10 (50) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 6/17 (35) | 3/7 (43) | 3/10 (30) |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 7/17 (41) | 2/7 (29) | 5/10 (50) |
| History of coronary artery disease | 3/17 (18) | 0/7 | 3/10 (30) |
| Smoking | 1/17 (6) | 1/7 (14) | 0/10 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 0/17 | 0/7 | 0/10 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 1/17 (6) | 1/7 (14) | 0/10 |
| Signs and symptoms around the time of ST-segment elevation — no. (%) | |||
| Chest pain | 6 (33) | 5 (62) | 1 (10) |
| Fever | 13 (72) | 6 (75) | 7 (70) |
| Cough, shortness of breath, or respiratory distress | 15 (83) | 6 (75) | 9 (90) |
| Intubation§ | 12 (67) | 5 (62) | 7 (70) |
| Shock | 7 (39) | 2 (25) | 5 (50) |
| Cardiac arrest | 2 (11) | 1 (12) | 1 (10) |
| Electrocardiographic findings — no. (%) | |||
| Diffuse ST elevations | 4 (22) | 0 | 4 (40) |
| Focal elevations | 14 (78) | 8 (100) | 6 (60) |
| Anterior | 3 (17) | 1 (12) | 2 (20) |
| Inferior | 8 (44) | 4 (50) | 4 (40) |
| Lateral | 9 (50) | 8 (100) | 1 (10) |
| Echocardiographic findings — no. (%)¶ | |||
| Normal ejection fraction | 8/17 (47) | 1/8 (12) | 7/9 (78) |
| Low ejection fraction | 9/17 (53) | 7/8 (88) | 2/9 (22) |
| Regional wall-motion abnormality | 6/17 (35) | 6/8 (75) | 0/9 |
| Coronary angiography — no. (%) | 9 (50) | 6 (75) | 3 (30) |
| Obstructive coronary artery disease — no./total no. (%) | 6/9 (67) | 6/6 (100) | 0/3 |
| Percutaneous coronary intervention — no./total no. (%) | 5/9 (56) | 5/6 (83) | 0/3 |
| Findings on radiography of the chest — no. (%) | |||
| Opacities in both lungs | 14 (78) | 6 (75) | 8 (80) |
| Focal opacity | 1 (6) | 0 | 1 (10) |
| Normal | 3 (17) | 2 (25) | 1 (10) |
| Median laboratory values (IQR)‖ | |||
| White-cell count — ×10−3/mm3 | 8.8 (6.4–11.0) | 10.0 (7.9–13.5) | 8.3 (5.8–9.1) |
| Neutrophils — % | 85.5 (78.8–88.2) | 86.1 (73.5–88.6) | 85.0 (81.5–87.9) |
| Lymphocytes — % | 7.4 (6.0–13.1) | 8.2 (6.7–15.0) | 7.3 (6.0–11.1) |
| Peak troponin I — ng/ml | 44.4 (13.3–80.0) | 91.0 (65.6–345.0) | 13.5 (4.8–41.0) |
| Peak troponin T — ng/ml | 4.4 (2.2–6.3) | 6.3 (5.3–7.2) | 0.02 (0.02–0.02) |
| d-Dimer — ng/ml | 858 (652–4541) | 1909 (682–19,653) | 858 (541–3580) |
| Treatment — no. (%) | |||
| Fibrinolytic agent | 1 (6) | 1 (12) | 0 |
| Glucocorticoids | 5 (28) | 1 (12) | 4 (40) |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 14 (78) | 5 (62) | 9 (90) |
| Azithromycin | 14 (78) | 5 (62) | 9 (90) |
| Statins | 11 (61) | 5 (62) | 6 (60) |
| Death in the hospital — no. (%) | 13 (72) | 4 (50) | 9 (90) |
Percentages may not total 100 because of rounding. Covid-19 denotes coronavirus disease 2019, and IQR interquartile range.
Race and ethnic group were reported by the patient or were determined by the physician for one patient who was unresponsive.
Risk factors were unknown for one patient, who was found unresponsive at home; investigators were unable to reach any family members for information.
Patients who were intubated had limited history available.
One patient did not have an echocardiogram.
The troponin assay was troponin I in 15 patients and troponin T in 3 patients. The reference value for the troponin I level was 0.06 ng per milliliter or less. The reference value for the troponin T level was 0.01 ng per milliliter or less. The reference value for the d-dimer level was 230 ng per milliliter or less.