Table 1.
Baseline demographic, behavioral and sleep characteristics of the study groups
| Baseline characteristics | All | AHI (events/hour) | Incident hypertension | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 744 | <5N = 641 | 5–14.9N = 71 | 15–29.9N = 32 | P-value | NoN = 529 | YesN = 215 | P-value | |
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |||||||
| Age, years | 47.1 (12.5) | 46.6 (12.7) | 50.7 (11.5) | 57.1 (12.1) | <0.001 | 46.5 (12.9) | 49.2 (11.0) | 0.004 |
| ≤40 (%) | 31.0 | 32.3 | 20.3 | 7.1 | <0.001 | 33.2 | 22.6 | 0.006 |
| 41–59 (%) | 52.4 | 52.3 | 57.8 | 42.9 | 50.2 | 60.3 | ||
| ≥60 (%) | 16.6 | 15.4 | 21.9 | 50.0 | 16.5 | 17.1 | ||
| Gender (Male, %) | 48.0 | 44.9 | 84.4 | 77.8 | <0.001 | 49.1 | 44.0 | 0.166 |
| Race (Caucasian, %) | 94.6 | 94.7 | 93.8 | 88.9 | 0.419 | 94.7 | 93.6 | 0.501 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.8 (4.7) | 26.5 (4.5) | 29.2 (6.5) | 29.3 (5.2) | <0.001 | 26.3 (4.3) | 28.3 (5.7) | <0.001 |
| Obesity (≥30, kg/m2) | 18.7 | 17.7 | 27.7 | 33.3 | 0.019 | 15.8 | 29.1 | <0.001 |
| Excessive daytime sleepiness (%) | 6.1 | 6.0 | 7.8 | 3.7 | 0.738 | 6.0 | 6.4 | 0.810 |
| SBP mmHg | 125.1 (14.6) | 124.9 (14.8) | 127.2(11.5) | 128.8(15.1) | 0.195 | 122.5(13.4) | 134.8 (14.9) | <0.001 |
| DBP mmHg | 78.5 (8.5) | 78.4 (8.4) | 79.5 (8.7) | 80.5 (12.1) | 0.273 | 77.0 (7.4) | 84.2 (9.7) | <0.001 |
| MAP mmHg | 94.1 (9.3) | 93.9 (9.3) | 95.4 (8.4) | 96.6 (12.2) | 0.156 | 92.1 (8.1) | 101.1 (10.2) | <0.001 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 100.0 (28.5) | 99.2 (27.2) | 110.8(39.1) | 102.9(39.4) | 0.009 | 99.6 (29.6) | 101.4 (24.3) | 0.423 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 9.4 | 8.9 | 13.8 | 14.8 | 0.261 | 9.5 | 9.0 | 0.805 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 141.5(97.9) | 140.5(100.6) | 155.2(52.9) | 153.6(51.7) | 0.498 | 133.0(80.3) | 171.9(140.1) | <0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia (%) | 42.2 | 40.6 | 54.7 | 67.9 | 0.002 | 40.4 | 48.3 | 0.031 |
| Depression (%) | 12.7 | 12.9 | 12.3 | 7.4 | 0.698 | 12.1 | 15.0 | 0.243 |
| Smoking (%) | 22.9 | 24.1 | 10.9 | 7.1 | 0.007 | 24.4 | 17.5 | 0.027 |
| Alcohol, drinks/day | 0.033 | 0.009 | ||||||
| None (%) | 72.8 | 73.7 | 63.1 | 60.7 | 72.3 | 74.8 | ||
| 1 (%) | 10.1 | 9.3 | 20.0 | 17.9 | 9.0 | 13.7 | ||
| ≥2 (%) | 17.2 | 17.0 | 16.9 | 21.4 | 18.7 | 11.5 | ||
| AHI, events/hour | 1.3 (3.6) | 0.4 (1.0) | 7.9 (2.1) | 19.6 (3.7) | <0.001 | 1.1 (3.3) | 2.1 (4.7) | <0.001 |
| OSA (%) | NA | <0.001 | ||||||
| <5, events/hour | 91.6 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 94.1 | 82.5 | ||
| 5–14.9, events/hour | 5.9 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 4.0 | 12.8 | ||
| 15–29.9, events/hour | 2.5 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 1.9 | 4.7 | ||
| Min SaO2 (%) | 91.4 (6.1) | 92.0 (5.8) | 85.1 (4.3) | 84.7 (5.2) | <0.001 | 91.5 (6.2) | 91.2 (5.5) | 0.505 |