Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2020 Feb 3;37(5):1243–1258. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msaa014

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 3. — Variations of NLGN4 exon sizes in selected vertebrates and rodents. NCBI deposited DNA sequence information of 18 rodent species and four selected vertebrate species including human (Homo sapiens, Hsa; NLGN4X Gene ID: 57502, NLGN4Y: 22829), chicken (Gallus gallus, Gga; 428006), zebrafish (Danio rerio, Dre; LOC108709161/LOC108707974), and clawed frog (Xenopus tropicalis, Xtr; NLGN4a: 561122, NLGN4b: 100147967) were used for comparison with available rodent NLGN4 coding sequences. Notably, the selected vertebrate species as well as guinea pig (Cavia porcellus, Cpo; 100714631/106025955), degu (Octodon degus, Ode; 101591647), chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera, Cla; 102015543), darma-mole rat (Fukomys darmarensis, Fda; 104848054), naked mole (Heterocephalus glaber, Hgl; 101715794), 13-lined squirrel (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus, Itr; 101974873), American beaver (Castor canadensis, Cca; LOC109703453, LOC109679926, LOC109674687), and the upper-galilee mole (Nannospalax galili, Nga; 103725635) display identical exon sizes. Within the clade eumuroidea (i.e., the rodent infraorder myomorpha excluding the family spalacidae; to which Nga belongs), the neuroligin-4 coding sequence encoded by exon 1 consistently decreases whereas the sizes of exons 6 and 7 increase. NLGN4 exon 3 is absent in both, the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus, Mau; 101837222) and Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus, Cgr; NW_006882737.1) gene sequences; however, it is still present in the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster, Moc; 102001548) and deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus, Pma; 102911426). Within the genus Mus size variations are present in nearly all exons despite exons 3 and 5 (Mus pahari, Mpa: NW_018393795.1; Mus caroli, Mca: NW_018389566.1; Mus spretus, Msp: LVXV01024335.1). *, insertion of an additional single base triplet; ^A, possibility of alternative start codons. Labeling of exon boxes reflects respective base count. Blue frames separate species of different rodent infraorders, a dashed red frame outlines the clade eumuroidea. An extended version with a more refined clustering of additional families within the clade eumuroidea can be found in supplementary figure S2, Supplementary Material online.