Fig 3. Fluxes through each reaction of the example network (Fig 1A) estimated by analyzing all minimal subsystems.

Fluxes were estimated independently in all the minimal subsystems shown in panel A. The estimated fluxes are in good agreement with the true values (R² = 0.98, p-value = 1.10⁻¹⁴, panel B). The distribution of fluxes estimated from 200 noisy datasets are shown in panel C, with the true value used for simulation shown as a red dot and the median of the estimated fluxes shown as a white dot.