Table 1.
Applications of nanotechnologies to pathogen detection
| Biologic agents | Recognition | Assay format | Sensitivity | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Viruses | ||||
| HAV | DNA/DNA | Gold nanoparticles DNA chip | 0.1 pmol/L (DNA) | Wan et al., 2005 90 |
| HBV, HIV, Ebola, variola | DNA/DNA | Bio‐barcodes scanometric detection | 0.5 pmol/L (DNA) | Stoeva et al., 2006 43 |
| HBV, HIV, Ebola, variola | DNA/DNA | Bio‐barcodes capillary analyzer | 5 pmol/L (DNA) | He et al., 2008 104 |
| P24 HIV | Ag/Ab | Bio‐barcodes scanometric detection | 4 fmol/L (p24) | Tang et al., 2007; 101 Kim et al., 2008 102 |
| HBV, HCV, HIV | Ag/Ab | QDs microfluidic | pmol/L (Ab) | Klostranec et al., 2007 114 |
| Bacteria | ||||
| B. anthracis | DNA/DNA | Bio‐barcodes scanometric detection | 550 zmol/L (DNA) | Nam et al., 2004 97 |
| S. aureus | DNA/DNA | Gold nanoparticles optical detection | 33 fmol/L (DNA) | Storhoff et al., 2004 89 |
| E. coli | Ag/Ab | Magnetic nanoparticles conductimetric detection | 1 CFUs/mL (E. coli) | Hnaien et al., 2008 63 |
| B. subtilis | DNA/DNA | Bio‐barcodes scanometric detection | 2.5 fmol/L (DNA) | Hill et al., 2007 103 |
Ag/Ab = antigen/antibody.