Table 4.
Prevalence of Potential Predictors for Positive Urinary Antigen Tests (UATs) Identified in the Literature but Not Included in the IDSA/ATS, by Result of Streptococcus pneumoniae UAT and Legionella pneumophila UAT
| Characteristic | SP UAT Positive (n = 81) |
SP UAT Negative (n = 1860) |
SP OR (95% CI) |
LP UAT Positive (n = 32) | LP UAT Negative (n = 1909) |
LP OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age ≥65 | 33 (40.7) | 647 (34.8) | 1.29 (0.82–2.03) | 5 (15.6) | 675 (35.4) | 0.34 (0.13–0.88) |
| Fever (>38°C) | 28 (34.6) | 476 (25.6) | 1.54 (0.96–2.46) | 18 (56.3) | 486 (25.5) | 3.76 (1.86–7.63) |
| Nausea | 29 (35.8) | 649 (34.9) | 1.04 (0.65–1.66) | 13 (40.6) | 665 (34.8) | 1.28 (0.63–2.61) |
| Diarrhea | 18 (22.2) | 382 (20.5) | 1.11 (0.65–1.89) | 14 (43.8) | 386 (20.2) | 3.07 (1.51–6.23) |
| Confusion | 17 (21.0) | 374 (20.1) | 1.06 (0.61–1.82) | 7 (21.9) | 384 (20.1) | 1.1 (0.47–2.59) |
| Headache | 40 (49.4) | 858 (46.1) | 1.14 (0.73–1.78) | 23 (71.9) | 875 (45.8) | 3.02 (1.39–6.56) |
| Hyponatremia Na ≤130 mE/L |
13 (16.1) | 152 (8.2) | 2.15 (1.16–3.98) | 13 (40.6) | 152 (8.0) | 7.91 (3.83–16.3) |
| Pneumonia Severity Index risk class ≥IV | 37 (45.7) | 636 (34.2) | 1.62 (1.03–2.53) | 6 (18.8) | 667 (34.9) | 0.43 (0.18–1.05) |
| ≥3 ATS minor criteria | 7 (8.6) | 129 (6.9) | 1.27 (0.57–2.81) | 2 (6.3) | 134 (7.0) | 0.88 (0.21–3.74) |
| Empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics | 31 (38.3) | 583 (31.3) | 1.36 (0.86–2.15) | 9 (28.1) | 605 (31.7) | 0.84 (0.39–1.83) |
All values shown are n (%), unless otherwise indicated.
Abbreviations: ATS, American Thoracic Society; CI, confidence interval; LP, Legionella pneumophila; OR, odds ratio; SP, Streptococcus pneumoniae; UAT, urinary antigen test.