Table 3.
Logistric Regression for the PIU with Covariates
| Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p | |||||
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Female | referent | |||||||||
| Male | 1.501 | 1.432 | to | 1.573 | .000 | 1.520 | 1.450 | to | 1.593 | .000 |
| Grade | ||||||||||
| Middle-school 1st | referent | |||||||||
| Middle-school 2nd | 1.303 | 1.223 | to | 1.387 | .000 | 1.274 | 1.196 | to | 1.357 | .000 |
| Middle-school 3rd | 1.368 | 1.285 | to | 1.457 | .000 | 1.327 | 1.246 | to | 1.413 | .000 |
| High-school 1st | 1.334 | 1.251 | to | 1.423 | .000 | 1.286 | 1.205 | to | 1.373 | .000 |
| High-school 2nd | 1.310 | 1.226 | to | 1.399 | .000 | 1.238 | 1.158 | to | 1.323 | .000 |
| High-school 3rd | 1.404 | 1.313 | to | 1.501 | .000 | 1.319 | 1.232 | to | 1.411 | .000 |
| Most Used Internet Service | ||||||||||
| Information searching | referent | |||||||||
| Messenger / chatting | 1.378 | 1.274 | to | 1.490 | .000 | 1.285 | 1.188 | to | 1.391 | .000 |
| Gaming | 2.824 | 2.644 | to | 3.015 | .000 | 2.661 | 2.491 | to | 2.843 | .000 |
| Watching movie | 1.127 | .995 | to | 1.276 | .060 | 1.096 | .967 | to | 1.241 | .152 |
| Listening music | .743 | .668 | to | .825 | .000 | .733 | .660 | to | .814 | .000 |
| Watching video (i.e. UCC) | 1.287 | 1.063 | to | 1.559 | .010 | 1.278 | 1.055 | to | 1.548 | .012 |
| Internet community or club | 2.785 | 2.453 | to | 3.162 | .000 | 2.822 | 2.485 | to | 3.206 | .000 |
| .682 | .456 | to | 1.019 | .062 | .658 | .440 | to | .985 | .042 | |
| Online shopping | .893 | .750 | to | 1.063 | .203 | .873 | .733 | to | 1.040 | .128 |
| Internet pornography | 4.944 | 4.311 | to | 5.670 | .000 | 4.526 | 3.941 | to | 5.198 | .000 |
| Blogging | 1.058 | .967 | to | 1.158 | .217 | 1.023 | .935 | to | 1.120 | .616 |
| Etc | 1.341 | 1.167 | to | 1.541 | .000 | 1.335 | 1.162 | to | 1.535 | .000 |
| Depressive Episode | ||||||||||
| No | referent | |||||||||
| Yes | 1.782 | 1.710 | to | 1.857 | .000 | 1.725 | 1.655 | to | 1.798 | .000 |
| Suicidal Ideation | ||||||||||
| No | referent | |||||||||
| Yes | 1.813 | 1.728 | to | 1.903 | .000 | 1.747 | 1.664 | to | 1.833 | .000 |
| Suicidal Attempt | ||||||||||
| No | referent | |||||||||
| Yes | 1.450 | 1.353 | to | 1.553 | .000 | 1.361 | 1.270 | to | 1.459 | .000 |
Notes: Model 1 included the sex, grade, most used internet service, depressive episode, suicidal ideation and suicidal attempt as covariates. Model 2 included socioeconomic status and school achievement as covariates in addition to model 1.
Abbreviations: PIU, problematic internet use; UCC, user-created content