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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Arch Womens Ment Health. 2019 Oct 25;23(4):557–564. doi: 10.1007/s00737-019-01006-x

Table 3.

Multi-nominal regression coefficients for predicting the likelihood for postpartum PTSD and postpartum depression comorbidity

Comorbidity vs. None Comorbidity vs. PP-depression Comorbidity vs. PP-PTSD
b OR b OR b OR
Newborn complications −0.78 0.46 0.42 1.52 0.23 1.26
Primiparity 0.13 1.14 −0.92**b 2.51 1.06 2.89
Age of mother −0.13**a 1.14 0.02 1.02 0.15 1.16
Level of education −0.42 0.66 −0.04 0.97 0.18 1.20
Pre-childbirth mental health problems −1.35** 0.26 −0 82* 0.44 −0.08 0.92
History of childbirth trauma 0.35 1.42 0.29 1.34 −1.57* 0.21
History of non-childbirth trauma 0.01 1.01 −0.03 0.98 0.09 1.09
Obstetric complications in childbirth −0.19 0.83 −0.72* 0.49 0.04 1.04
Duration of childbirth −0.02** 0.98 −0.03*** 0.97 −0.01 0.99
Emergency cesarean −1.24* 0.29 −0.86* 0.42 −0.31 0.73
Peritraumatic distress −0.46* 0.63 −0.68*** 0.51 −0.23 0.80
Postpartum general distress −7 54*** 0.01 −1.31*** 0.27 −4 27*** 0.01

Note. Complication group = childbirth-related infant health complications resulting in NICU admission. PP = postpartum. OR = odd ratios. Comorbidity PTSD + depression served as the reference group (coded 0) and thus negative coefficients relate to higher likelihood for comorbidity.

a

= refers to younger age and higher likelihood for comorbidity

b

= refers to not being primiparous and higher likelihood for comorbidity.

***

p < .001