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. 2019 Dec 31;39(5):855–862. doi: 10.1007/s10096-019-03807-5

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Complement activation in vitro in lepirudin plasma activated with Borrelia strain ACA1 and Lu59 from subclinical Lyme borreliosis individuals and patients with previous Lyme neuroborreliosis. Complement activation in lepirudin plasma activated with Borrelia strain ACA1 and Lu59 were assessed by measurement of generated C3a and sC5b-9 with ELISA. Sample data were normalized against lepirudin plasma run in parallel, but without addition of spirochetes in the activation step. Boxes represent minimum and maximum with line at median. a Generated C3a from SB (n = 60) and LNB patients (n = 22). b Generated sC5b-9 from SB (n = 59) and LNB patients (n = 22). SB, Subclinical individuals; LNB, Lyme neuroborreliosis. ****p < 0.0001