Table 3.
Review of the literature showing outcomes from previously published series of strabismus surgery in thyroid eye disease. Studies were included if they were within the last 20 years and included re-operation rate
| Reference, country | Sample population | Surgical methods | Rate of re-operation | Final outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Prendiville et al. 2000 [23] USA |
n = 31 Vertical ± horizontal muscle imbalance |
Adjustable sutures | 8/31 (26%) | |
|
Nguyen et al. 2002 [10] USA |
n = 129 Horizontal and/or vertical muscle imbalance |
Correction of deviations (group A, n = 88) or correction of limitation of ductions (group B, n = 49) |
35/80 (46%) in group A 13/49 (26%) in group B |
27/61 (44%) in Group A and 29/39 (74%) in Group B with less than 5PD deviation in primary position |
|
Dal Canto et al. 2006 [12] USA |
n = 24 Horizontal and/or vertical muscle imbalance |
Relaxed muscle positioning technique | 2/24 (8%) | 21/24 (88%) with no diplopia in primary or downgaze without prism |
|
Thomas and Cruz 2007 [11] USA |
n = 86 Horizontal and/or vertical muscle imbalance |
Correction of deviations (group A, n = 52) or correction of limitation of ductions (group B, n = 34) |
5/52 (10%) in group A 5/34 (15%) in group B |
Approximately 70% in Group A and ~65% in Group B with less than 5PD deviation in primary position |
|
Kim et al. 2009 [8] USA |
n = 31 Horizontal and/or vertical muscle imbalance |
Standard nomogram, non-adjustable sutures | 9/31 (29%) | 26/31 (84%) diplopia free without prism |
|
Nicholson et al. 2011 [9] USA |
n = 58 Horizontal and/or vertical muscle imbalance |
Relaxed muscle positioning technique | 10/58 (17%) | 48/58 (83%) diplopia free in primary and downgaze without prism |
|
Volpe et al. 2012 [13] USA |
n = 54 Vertical ± horizontal muscle imbalance |
Adjustable suture technique anticipating drift towards overcorrection | 2/54 (4%) | 37/54 (69%) diplopia free without prism |
|
Kim et al. 2013 [24] S. Korea |
n = 56 Horizontal and/or vertical muscle imbalance |
Adjustable sutures | 6/56 (11%) | 52/56 (93%) diplopia free with <8Δ horizontal and <4Δ vertical prism |
|
Al Qahtani et al. 2015 [18] Canada |
n = 96 Vertical ± horizontal muscle imbalance |
Adjustable sutures | 32/96 (33%) | |
|
Barker et al. 2017 [16] UK |
n = 42 Isolated vertical muscle imbalance |
Adjustable sutures | 7/42 (17%) | 30/42 (71%) diplopia free in primary and downgaze without prism |
|
Jefferis et al. 2019 UK |
n = 35 Vertical ± horizontal muscle imbalance |
Prioritising downgaze alignment | 5/35 (14%) | 32/35 (91%) diplopia free in primary and downgaze without prism |