Table 4.
SAPPHIRE high risk (SHR) and exclusion (SE) criteria
| Criteria for 178 SHR patients | n (%) | Criteria for 81 SE patients | n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age ≥ 80 | 97 (13.0) | Ischemic stroke in 48 h before surgery | 2 (0.3) |
| Severe cardiac disease (NYHA III or IV) | 64 (8.6) | Total occlusion of the carotid artery | 4 (0.5) |
| Myocardial infarction 4 weeks preoperatively | 5 (0.7) | Elective surgery within 30 days after CEA | 19 (2.5) |
| Severe pulmonary dysfunction | 4 (0.5) | Presence of an intraluminal thrombus | 52 (7.0) |
| Contralateral carotid artery occlusion | 51 (6.8) | Life expectancy less than one year | 5 (0.7) |
| Previous radical neck surgery or radiation | 4 (0.5) | Intracranial mass | 3 (0.4) |
| Restenosis | 3 (0.4) | – |
CEA carotid endarterectomy, SAPPHIRE the stenting and angioplasty with protection in patients at high risk for endarterectomy trial; (other criteria like intracranial aneurysm > 9 mm in diameter, need for more than two stents, history of bleeding disorder, percutaneous or surgical intervention planned within next 30 days, contralateral palsy of laryngeal nerve did not apply)