Table 1.
The Demographics and Performance Measures of Smokers and Nonsmoker Controls
| Measure (M ± SD) | Group/condition | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nonsmokers | Smokers | Nonsmokers vs. smokers, p | ||
| Age | 22.6 ± 1.5 | 24.8 ± 5.8 | .328 | |
| Sex (males %) | 63 | 78 | .490 | |
| Years of education | 16 ± 1 | 14 ± 1 | .221 | |
| Baseline CO ppm | 2.1 ± 0.4 | 12.2 ± 4.7 | .000 | |
| Cigarettes/d | — | 10.4 ± 3.6 | — | |
| Fagerström | 0 | 2.37 ± 1.82 | .000 | |
| BDI | 2.5 ± 4.39 | 4.87 ± 3.28 | .373 | |
| OASIS | 2.73 ± 2.6 | 2.93 ± 1.5 | .517 | |
| Lifetime marijuana use | 4.2 ± 2.93 | 6.71 ± 0.61 | .006 | |
| Marijuana use in the past 12 mo | 3.33 ± 2.76 | 5.92 ± 1.32 | .002 | |
| Marijuana use in the past week | 0.93 ± 1.5 | 1.57 ± 1.80 | .301 | |
| Lifetime alcohol use | 5.93 ± 2.82 | 7 ± 0.00 | .091 | |
| Alcohol use in the past 12 mo | 5.4 ± 2.13 | 6.28 ± 1.32 | .105 | |
| Alcohol use in the past week | 1.26 ± 0.79 | 1.64 ± 0.92 | .254 | |
| SST performance | Nonsmokers | Abstinent smokers | Satiated smokers | Pairwise comparisons, p |
| SSRT (ms) | 201 ± 29 | 209 ± 37 | 205 ± 34 | >.41 |
| GO response time (ms) | 391 ± 64 | 408 ± 72 | 402 ± 65 | >.39 |
| Correct stop trials (%) | 52.1 ± 2.5 | 50.4 ± 2 | 51.7 ± 2 | >.7 |
Marijuana and alcohol use were assessed using the ESPAD and are coded as follows: Score (lifetime occurrences): 0 (0), 1 (1–2), 2 (3–5), 3 (6–9), 4 (10–19), 5 (20–39), 6 (>40). BDI = Beck Depression Inventory; CO = carbon monoxide; OASIS = Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale; SSRT = Stop Signal Reaction Time; SST = Stop-Signal Task.