Table 2.
Coagulation experimental conditions.
| No | Experiment 1 (Chitosan) | Experiment 2 (PAC) | Experiment 3 (PAA) | Experiment 4 (PAC and PAA) | Experiment 5 (optimization) | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initial turbidity: 523 NTU Turbidity after settling: 79 NTU |
Initial turbidity: 493 NTU Turbidity after settling: 81 NTU |
Initial turbidity: 511 NTU Turbidity after settling: 97 NTU |
Initial turbidity: 511 NTU Turbidity after settling: 100 NTU |
Initial turbidity: 963 NTU Turbidity after settling: 184 NTU |
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| pH/Chitosan (mg·L−1)/Turbidity (NTU) | TRE * (%) | pH/PAC (mg·L−1)/Turbidity (NTU) | TRE * (%) | pH/PAA (mg·L−1)/Turbidity (NTU) | TRE * (%) | pH/PAC (mg·L−1)/PAA (mg·L−1)/Turbidity (NTU) | TRE * (%) | pH/Chitosan (mg·L−1)/Turbidity (NTU) | TRE * (%) | ||||||||||||
| 1 | 10.0 | 140.0 | 6 | 92.4 | 10.0 | 90.0 | 10 | 87.7 | 10.0 | 140.0 | 13 | 86.6 | 10.0 | 90.0 | 60.0 | 8 | 92.0 | 5.0 | 50.0 | 148 | 19.6 |
| 2 | 4.0 | 140.0 | 67 | 15.2 | 4.0 | 90.0 | 29 | 64.2 | 4.0 | 140.0 | 92 | 5.2 | 4.0 | 90.0 | 60.0 | 37 | 63.0 | 9.0 | 50.0 | 23 | 87.5 |
| 3 | 10.0 | 40.0 | 12 | 84.8 | 10.0 | 30.0 | 9 | 88.9 | 10.0 | 40.0 | 8 | 91.8 | 10.0 | 30.0 | 60.0 | 8 | 92.0 | 5.0 | 100.0 | 150 | 18.5 |
| 4 | 4.0 | 40.0 | 70 | 11.4 | 4.0 | 30.0 | 40 | 50.6 | 4.0 | 40.0 | 86 | 11.3 | 4.0 | 30.0 | 60.0 | 49 | 51.0 | 9.0 | 100.0 | 20 | 89.1 |
| 5 | 11.2 | 90.0 | 8 | 89.9 | 11.2 | 60.0 | 5 | 93.8 | 11.2 | 90.0 | 2 | 97.9 | 10.0 | 90.0 | 20.0 | 6 | 94.0 | 9.8 | 75.0 | 19 | 89.7 |
| 6 | 2.8 | 90.0 | 58 | 26.6 | 2.8 | 60.0 | 43 | 46.9 | 2.8 | 90.0 | 87 | 10.3 | 4.0 | 90.0 | 20.0 | 32 | 68.0 | 4.2 | 75.0 | 153 | 16.8 |
| 7 | 7.0 | 160.7 | 49 | 38.0 | 7.0 | 102.4 | 13 | 84.0 | 7.0 | 160.7 | 18 | 81.4 | 10.0 | 30.0 | 20.0 | 6 | 94.0 | 7.0 | 110.4 | 12 | 93.48 |
| 8 | 7.0 | 19.3 | 27 | 65.8 | 7.0 | 17.6 | 16 | 80.2 | 7.0 | 19.3 | 14 | 85.6 | 4.0 | 30.0 | 20.0 | 44 | 56.0 | 7.0 | 39.7 | 13 | 92.93 |
| 9 | 7.0 | 90.0 | 12 | 84.8 | 7.0 | 60.0 | 13 | 84.0 | 7.0 | 90.0 | 15 | 84.5 | 11.1 | 60.0 | 40.0 | 2 | 98.0 | 7.0 | 75.0 | 21 | 88.6 |
| 10 | 7.0 | 90.0 | 13 | 83.5 | 7.0 | 60.0 | 13 | 84.0 | 7.0 | 90.0 | 18 | 81.4 | 3.0 | 60.0 | 40.0 | 38 | 62.0 | 7.0 | 75.0 | 19 | 89.7 |
| 11 | 7.0 | 90.0 | 19 | 75.9 | 7.0 | 60.0 | 17 | 79.0 | 7.0 | 90.0 | 17 | 82.5 | 7.0 | 100.6 | 40.0 | 13 | 87.0 | 7.0 | 75.0 | 18 | 90.2 |
| 12 | 7.0 | 19.4 | 40.0 | 13 | 87.0 | ||||||||||||||||
| 13 | 7.0 | 60.0 | 67.1 | 13 | 87.0 | ||||||||||||||||
| 14 | 7.0 | 60.0 | 12.9 | 13 | 87.0 | ||||||||||||||||
| 15 | 7.0 | 60.0 | 40.0 | 14 | 86.0 | ||||||||||||||||
| 16 | 7.0 | 60.0 | 40.0 | 13 | 87.0 | ||||||||||||||||
| 17 | 7.0 | 60.0 | 40.0 | 13 | 87.0 | ||||||||||||||||
| 18 | 10.6 | 86.4 | - | 99.4 | 11.2 | 17.6 | - | 93.5 | 9.8 | 79.3 | - | 99.5 | 11.0 | 48.1 | 39.2 | - | 98.9 | 8.3 | 77.5 | - | 99.3 |
* TRE: Turbidity removal efficiency; optimal results based on the calculation of Minitab 16.0 software.