Figure 3.

Divalent Solution: (a) Equilibrium volume change of the ionic, mixing and total swelling pressures as a function of initial solid volume fraction (b) Initial swelling pressures of ionic, mixing and total swelling energies as a function of initial solid volume fraction. [${\mathsf{\Pi }}_{ion}$ and ${\mathsf{\Pi }}_{swelling}$ keys denote the swelling pressure model that should be used at each initial solid volume fraction].