Table 2.

List of model parameters, which remain constant throughout each simulation and their associated values. Permeability parameter ($\mathsf{\beta }$) referes to a strain dependent permeability constant [34,35,36]. The value of this constant does not affect the magnitude of the swelling but rather the time taken to reach swelling equilibrium.

Parameter	Value
Shear Modulus	18 kPa
Degree of Neutralisation	0.85
Initial Counterion Concentration	0.3 M
Permeability Parameter ($\beta$)	2
Temperature	298 K
Universal Gas Constant	8.3145 J/K.mol
Solvent Molar Volume	18 mol/m${}^3$
Initial Hydraulic Permeability	10${}^{-3}$ mm${}^4$/Ns