Table 5.

Classification of the six high quality tools according to CREATE framework

Assessment category		Type of assessment	Steps of EBM
7	Benefits to patients	Patient-oriented outcomes
6	Behaviours	Activity monitoring
5	Skills	Performance assessment	Fresno ACE	Fresno ACE	Berlin’s Fresno ACE MacRae	ACE
4	Knowledge	Cognitive testing	Fresno ACE U-CEP	Fresno ACE  Taylor's	Taylor’s Berlins Fresno ACE UCEP MacRae	ACE UCEP
3	Self-efficacy	Self-report/opinion
2	Attitudes			Taylor's	Taylor’s
1	Reaction to the educational experience
			Ask	Search	Appraise	Integrate	Evaluate

Audience characteristic: students and trainees in medical education.

Assessment aims: formative