Table 1.

Involvement of miRNAs in host viral interaction

	Mode of action	miRNA	Validation status	Major findings	References
miRNAs that facilitate viral replication	Host miRNA directly promote viral replication	miR-15b	Experimentally validated	Promotes HBV replication by aiding HBV enhancer I activity HNF-1α	[49]
		miR-501	Experimentally validated	Activates HBV replication by repressing HBx-interacting protein (HBXIP)	[50]
		miR-1	Experimentally validated	Enhances HBV core promoter activity by promoting farnesoid X receptor α expression	[51]
		miRs-372/373	Experimentally validated	Stimulated the production of HBV proteins and HBV core-associated DNA by targeting nuclear factor I/B	[52]
miRNAs that directly inhibit viral replication	miRNAs with target sequences in the viral genome	let-7,miR-196b, miR-433, miR-511	Computational analysis	Targets polymerase and surface genes	[53]
		miR-205	Computational analysis	Targets HBX	[53]
		miR-345	Computational analysis	Targets pre-core genes	[53]
		miR-122	Experimentally validated	Targets mRNA coding region for viral polymerase & core protein	[54]
		miR-199a-3p	Experimentally validated	Targets HBsAg coding region	[55]
		miR-210	Experimentally validated	Targets p Targets re-S1 region	[51]
		miR-125a-5p	Experimentally validated	Interacts with the HBV surface antigen	[56]
		miR-15a	Experimentally validated	Targets HBx transcript	[57]
		miR-20a, miR-92a-1, miR-16-1	Experimentally validated	Targets HBV transcripts	[58]
		miR-205	Experimentally validated	Targets HBx gene	[59]
miRNAs that indirectly inhibit viral replication	Indirectly regulates viral replication/transcription by targeting other host factors linked with viral replication	miR-122	Experimentally validated	Promotes viral replication by targeted inhibition of heme oxygenase-1	[60]
		miR-122	Experimentally validated	Targets CCNG1 and NDRG3 to inhibit viral replication	[61]
		miR-29c	Experimentally validated	Suppresses HBV replication by targeting TNFAIP3	[62]
		miR-125b	Experimentally validated	Inhibits HBV DNA intermediates and the secretion of HBsAg and HBeAg by targeted repression of SCNN1Α	[63]
		miR-141	Experimentally validated	Repress HBV replication by targeting of PPARα	[64]
		miR-155	Experimentally validated	Repress HBV replication by targeting of C/EBP-β	[65]
		miR-130a	Experimentally validated	Represses HBV replication by targeting HBV transcription enhancers PGC1α and PPAR	[66]