Table 2.

Comparison of ART-Mandated versus the Non-Mandated States from 2000 to 2016

Rates per Clinic, % (MEAN ± STDEV)	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
Number of Clinics
Mandated	44	43	64	62	66	72	75	75	76	78	80	78	78	78	76	78	77
Non-Mandated	110	106	106	109	111	117	121	123	126	123	126	126	123	129	129	132	131
ICSI
Mandated	42.5 ± 20	49.5 ± 21	51.7 ± 21	55.3 ± 22	58.9 ± 22	62.1 ± 22	63 ± 22	65.4 ± 21	65.3 ± 22	64.2 ± 21	64.6 ± 21	64.1 ± 21	63.3 ± 20	65.3 ± 21	64.9 ± 20	64.8 ± 20	62.5 ± 19
Non-Mandated	46.9 ± 20	49.1 ± 20	51.7 ± 22	54.9 ± 21	58.2 ± 21	60.8 ± 22	61 ± 22	63.8 ± 22	65.8 ± 21	67.4 ± 20	69 ± 20	71.6 ± 19	71.3 ± 19	71.6 ± 19	72.9 ± 19	71.7 ± 22	67.6 ± 19
p value	0.21	0.9	0.98	0.92	0.84	0.57	0.53	0.62	0.99	0.29	0.14	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.01	0.03	0.06
Male Factor (MF)
Mandated	32.4 ± 16	33.3 ± 14	33.6 ± 12	32.7 ± 13	35.4 ± 15	34.9 ± 14	33.4 ± 14	35.5 ± 16	34.5 ± 14	33.6 ± 14	33.1 ± 15	32.8 ± 15	34.4 ± 17	34.1 ± 15	32 ± 16	31.3 ± 16	30.5 ± 15
Non-Mandated	36.4 ± 13	37.7 ± 13	37 ± 13	37.8 ± 14	36.9 ± 15	38.5 ± 16	39.3 ± 17	38.4 ± 15	40.2 ± 15	40.7 ± 16	42.1 ± 15	41 ± 14	40.3 ± 16	37.4 ± 15	38.4 ± 16	37.6 ± 15	36.7 ± 15
p value	0.08	0.08	0.1	0.02	0.52	0.1	0.01	0.21	0.01	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.01	0.12	0.01	0.01	< 0.001
ICSI/MF Ratio
Mandated	1.31	1.49	1.54	1.69	1.66	1.78	1.89	1.84	1.89	1.91	1.95	1.95	1.84	1.91	2.03	2.07	2.05
Non-Mandated	1.29	1.30	1.4	1.45	1.58	1.58	1.55	1.66	1.64	1.66	1.64	1.75	1.77	1.91	1.9	1.91	1.84
Pregn. Rate (< 35)
Mandated	29.3 ± 11	35.1 ± 12	37.7 ± 9	38.3 ± 12	39 ± 12	39.1 ± 10	41.6 ± 11	42 ± 10	43.1 ± 10	43.5 ± 11	43.4 ± 14	42.4 ± 13	44.5 ± 11	45 ± 14	40.9 ± 12	37.6 ± 15	34.5 ± 16
Non-Mandated	38 ± 14	40.2 ± 11	42.6 ± 10	43.5 ± 13	41.7 ± 14	43.1 ± 14	44.5 ± 12	46.2 ± 12	47 ± 13	48 ± 13	47 ± 13	46.5 ± 12	46.9 ± 13	46.9 ± 13	43.2 ± 14	36 ± 17	35.6 ± 20
p value	< 0.001	0.02	< 0.001	0.01	0.18	0.02	0.08	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.06	0.03	0.15	0.34	0.22	0.49	0.66
Live Birth (< 35)
Mandated	25.1 ± 9	30.4 ± 10	31.4 ± 8	32.9 ± 9	32.6 ± 12	33.3 ± 8	35.6 ± 9	36.1 ± 10	36.5 ± 9	37 ± 10	37.2 ± 10	35.7 ± 10	37.6 ± 9	37.5 ± 10	35.8 ± 9	31.9 ± 14	29.2 ± 11
Non-Mandated	33.5 ± 12	35.5 ± 10	37.4 ± 10	38.3 ± 10	36.1 ± 11	37.8 ± 12	39.2 ± 11	40.1 ± 11	40.4 ± 11	42 ± 10	41.4 ± 11	40.6 ± 11	41.3 ± 10	41 ± 11	37.9 ± 12	30.8 ± 15	31 ± 13
p value	< 0.001	0.01	< 0.001	0.01	0.06	0.01	0.03	0.01	0.01	< 0.001	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.07	0.22	0.58	< 0.001
PGT Rates	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
Mandated								5.2 ± 9	3.9 ± 8	3.3 ± 5	3.4 ± 5	4.2 ± 7	4.3 ± 6	4.2 ± 6	3.1 ± 6	3.3 ± 6	13.4 ± 13
Non-Mandated								3.2 ± 5	3 ± 5	3 ± 5	3.3 ± 6	4.1 ± 7	4.4 ± 10	5.4 ± 11	4.7 ± 10	4.6 ± 10	21.3 ± 21
p value								0.08	0.36	0.74	0.87	0.92	0.92	0.28	0.17	0.28	< 0.001
eSET Rates (< 35)	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
Mandated									3.1 ± 4	3.6 ± 6	4.4 ± 6	10.1 ± 12	12.2 ± 14	20.4 ± 19	24.7 ± 22	34.5 ± 27	41.5 ± 28
Non-Mandated									2.3 ± 3	3.5 ± 4	4.3 ± 5	8 ± 9	10.9 ± 12	14.9 ± 14	21.3 ± 19	25 ± 23	34.2 ± 28
p value									0.15	0.87	0.85	0.19	0.5	0.03	0.27	0.01	0.08
Twin Rates (< 35)	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
Mandated														9.1 ± 5	9.2 ± 6	5.1 ± 4	4.6 ± 2
Non-Mandated														13.2 ± 7	10.5 ± 6	6.8 ± 6	6.2 ± 5
p value														< 0.001	0.16	0.02	0.02