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. 2020 Apr 25;17:132. doi: 10.1186/s12974-020-01801-9

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — COX-2, phopho-IκBα, and reactive oxygen species expression in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells with and without L-VGCC blockade. Effects of L-VGCC blockade on COX-2 expression (a) and detection of phosphorylated IκBα (b) in BV-2 cells stimulated with LPS. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of COX-2 expression in BV-2 cells treated with DMSO control (2 μl/ml), Zinc20267861 (2.0 μM), Zinc18204217 (2.0 μM), and Zinc33254827 (2.5 μM) stimulated with LPS 1 μg/ml (c). Arg-1 expression with the same treatments in BV-2 cells stimulated with IL-4 (20 ng/ml) (d) (n = 3 with 3 technical replicates). A one-way ANOVA test with Tukey multiple comparisons was used to determine statistical significance. p > 0.05; ***p < 0.001. Target genes were normalized to cyclophilin and presented as the fold change of DMSO control. Detection of reactive oxygen species in BV-2 cell culture, minimal oxidation of dihydroethidium in DMSO 2 μl/ml untreated control cells (e); strong oxidized ethidium signals detected when stimulated with LPS 1 μg/ml (e). Treatment with 3.5 μM of amlodipine (g), Zinc20267861 (2.0 μM) (h), Zinc18204217 (2.0 μM) (i), and Zinc33254827 (2.5 μM) (j) demonstrated marked reduction of the oxidized ethidium signals in BV-2 cell culture.