Table 1.
Clinic characteristics of the study participants.
| Characteristic | Total n = 120 | T2D n = 60 | Without T2D n = 60 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 49.9 ± 6.3 | 50.2 ± 6.1 | 49.6 ± 6.5 | 0.630a |
| Years of diagnosis | 2.8 ± 1.7 | – | ||
| Gender, n (%) | ||||
| Male | 38 (31.7) | 19 (31.7) | 19 (31.7) | 1.0b |
| Female | 82 (68.3) | 41 (68.3) | 41 (68.3) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.9 ± 5.4 | 30.2 ± 5.4 | 27.7 ± 5.1 | 0.012a |
| WC (cm) | 93 ± 12.5 | 96.8 ± 13.7 | 89.3 ± 10.0 | <0.001a |
| < 88, n (%) | 60 (50) | 23 (38.3) | 37 (61.7) | 0.011b |
| ≥ 88, n (%) | 60 (50) | 37 (61.7) | 23 (38.3) | |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 113 ± 14 | 113 ± 16 | 113 ± 13 | 0.975a |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 78 ± 11 | 80 ± 12 | 76 ± 10 | 0.067a |
| BP < 135 or 85, n (%) | 92 (76.7) | 40 (66.7) | 52 (86.7) | 0.010b |
| BP ≥ 135 or 85, n (%) | 28 (23.3) | 20 (33.3) | 8 (13.3) | |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 94.5 (87–120) | 120 (102–158) | 87.5 (83–92) | <0.001c |
| < 100, n (%) | 73 (60.8) | 13 (21.7) | 60 (100) | <0.001b |
| ≥ 100, n (%) | 47 (78.2) | 47 (78.3) | 0 | |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 168 (125.5–229) | 188 (140–257) | 142 (101–196.5) | <0.001c |
| < 150, n (%) | 52 (43.3) | 18 (30) | 34 (56.7) | 0.003 |
| ≥ 150, n (%) | 68 (56.7) | 42 (70) | 26 (43.3) | |
| HDL-c (mg/dL) | 45.5 (39–55) | 41 (35.5–49) | 50.5 (41.5–57) | <0.001c |
| ≥ 40 M or 50 F, n (%) | 62 (51.7) | 22 (36.7) | 40 (66.7) | 0.001 |
| < 40 M or 50 F, n (%) | 58 (48.3) | 38 (63.3) | 20 (33.3) | |
| LDL-c (mg/dL) | 140 ± 36 | 140 ± 34 | 142 ± 38 | 0.731a |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 201 ± 45 | 200 ± 41 | 202 ± 48 | 0.873a |
| Metabolic syndrome, n (%) | 41 (34.2) | 35 (58.3) | 6 (10) | <0.001b |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.6 (4.9–7.2) | – | ||
The data are shown as means ± standard deviation, medians and percentiles (p25th - p75th) or as indicated.
T2D, Type-2 diabetes; BMI, Body mass index; WC, Waist circumference; BP, Blood pressures; HDL-c, High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c, Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HbA1c, Glycosylated hemoglobin.
a
t-test.
b
Chi-square test.
c
Mann-Whitney test.