Table 1.
Recipient and donor characteristics at the time of listing and transplantation within 28 days of listing, among patients with ACLF-3 at registration.
| Recipient characteristics | ACLF–3 at listing (n = 6,452) | ACLF 0–2 at LT (n = 892) | ACLF–3 at LT (n = 2,744) | p value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) | 51.8 (10.7) | 51.8 (10.3) | 51.3 (10.6) | 0.184 |
| Male, n (%) | 3,979 (61.9) | 548 (61.4) | 1,759 (64.1) | 0.130 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 1,473 (23.4) | 193 (21.9) | 611 (22.7) | 0.893 |
| Race/ethnicity: | 0.062 | |||
| Caucasian, n (%) | 4,167 (64.6) | 598 (67.0) | 1,745 (63.6) | |
| African-American, n (%) | 773 (11.9) | 105 (11.8) | 341 (12.4) | |
| Hispanic, n (%) | 1,093 (16.9) | 144 (16.1) | 475 (17.3) | |
| Etiology, n (%) | 0.036 | |||
| HCV | 1,675 (25.9) | 230 (25.8) | 699 (25.5) | |
| NASH | 775 (12.0) | 105 (11.8) | 341 (12.4) | |
| ALD | 1,861 (28.8) | 281 (31.5) | 906 (33.0) | |
| HBV | 310 (4.8) | 38 (4.3) | 163 (5.9) | |
| Cholestatic liver disease | 586 (9.1) | 101 (11.2) | 226 (8.2) | |
| HCC | 29 (0.31) | |||
| MELD-Na score, median (IQR) | 39.5 (35.1–43.2) | 34.3 (29.7–38.2) | 40.9 (36.9–44.3) | <0.001 |
| MELD exception | 32 (3.6) | 40 (1.5) | ||
| Albumin g/dl, median (IQR) | 3 (2.5–3.6) | 3.0 (2.5–3.5) | 3.1 (2.5–3.6) | 0.089 |
| Liver failure, n (%) | 5,198 (80.9) | 547 (61.7) | 2,458 (89.6) | <0.001 |
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 2,575 (39.9) | 20 (2.2) | 1,085 (39.5) | <0.001 |
| Circulatory failure, n (%) | 2,974 (46.1) | 55 (6.2) | 1,469 (53.5) | <0.001 |
| Coagulation failure, n (%) | 4,119 (64.1) | 254 (28.8) | 1,762 (64.2) | <0.001 |
| Brain failure, n (%) | 3,382 (52.4) | 166 (18.6) | 1,528 (55.6) | <0.001 |
| Renal failure, n (%) | 5,196 (80.6) | 460 (51.8) | 2,339 (85.3) | <0.001 |
| Number of organ failures, n (%) | ||||
| Three | 4,450 (68.9) | 1,248 (45.6) | ||
| Four-Six | 2,002 (31.1) | 1,496 (54.5) | ||
| Liver-kidney transplant | 123 (13.8) | 383 (13.9) | 0.899 | |
| Days before transplant | 6 (3–11) | 5 (2–9) | <0.001 | |
| Donor characteristics | ||||
| Age, mean (SD) | 37.8 (15.2) | 37.8 (14.9) | 0.924 | |
| Donor risk index ≥1.7, n (%) | 170 (19.1) | 551 (20.1) | 0.506 |
ACLF, acute-on-chronic liver failure; ALD, alcohol-related liver disease; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; MELD, model for end-stage liver disease; MELD-Na, MELD-sodium; NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
*
Evaluation of differences between ACLF categories at the time of transplantation, using Student’s t test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Chi-square testing.