Table 2.
Characteristics at time of transplantation comparing patients who survived or died at 1-year after LT, among patients listed with ACLF-3 and transplanted within 28 days.*
| Survived (n = 2,993) | Died (n = 643) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) | 50.8 (10.6) | 53.7 (10.2) | <0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 3,979 (61.9) | 548 (61.4) | 0.368 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 616 (20.9) | 188 (29.7) | <0.001 |
| Race/ethnicity: | 0.077 | ||
| Caucasian, n (%) | 1,936 (64.7) | 407 (63.3) | |
| African-American, n (%) | 351 (11.7) | 96 (14.9) | |
| Hispanic, n (%) | 512 (17.1) | 107 (16.6) | |
| Etiology, n (%) | |||
| HCV | 745 (24.9) | 184 (28.6) | 0.171 |
| NASH | 377 (12.6) | 69 (10.7) | 0.191 |
| ALD | 1,032 (34.5) | 155 (24.1) | <0.001 |
| HBV | 171 (5.7) | 30 (4.7) | 0.282 |
| MELD-Na score, median (IQR) | 39.8 (34.9–43.2) | 39.0 (34.4–43.1) | 0.078 |
| Days before transplant | 5 (3–9) | 5 (3–10) | 0.653 |
| Improvement from ACLF-3, n (%) | 777 (25.9) | 115 (17.8) | <0.001 |
| Liver failure, n (%) | 2,467 (82.6) | 538 (83.8) | 0.461 |
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 818 (27.3) | 287 (44.6) | <0.001 |
| Circulatory failure, n (%) | 1,176 (39.3) | 348 (54.2) | <0.001 |
| Coagulation failure, n (%) | 1,698 (56.7) | 318 (49.5) | 0.001 |
| Brain failure, n (%) | 1,355 (45.3) | 339 (52.7) | 0.001 |
| Renal failure, n (%) | 2,303 (77.1) | 496 (77.5) | 0.805 |
| Donor risk index ≥1.7 | 565 (18.9) | 156 (24.3) | 0.002 |
ACLF, acute-on-chronic liver failure; ALD, alcohol-related liver disease; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; LT, liver transplantation; MELD-Na, model for end-stage liver disease-sodium; NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
*
Evaluation of differences between ACLF categories at the time of transplantation, using Student’s t test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Chi-square testing.