Table 1:
Survey of articles on radiation countermeasures in the International Journal of Radiation Biology and Related Studies in Physics, Chemistry and Medicine from 1959–1963.
| Class of drug | Volume/dose range (Gy) | Models used | Normal tissue endpoint | Investigator(s) reference and year | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RADIATION PROTECTANTS | |||||
| Sulfhydryl compounds: | |||||
| AET: | TBI / 5 | Mice | 5-HIAA urinary excretion | Maisin et al., 1960 | |
| (+ hypoxia) | TBI / 9–20 | Mice | GI protection | Zatz, 1963 | |
| Pyridoxine derivatives | TBI / ~5–30 | Mice | Survival | Bridges & Koch, 1961 | |
| TBI / 5–8 | Mice | Survival | Dacquisto et al., 1961 | ||
| Cystamine: (vs. cysteamine) | TBI / 5.5 | Mice | Hair/hair follicle preservation | Smoliar & Betz, 1963 | |
| Cysteamine: | Scrotum / 2–5 | Rats | Spermatogonia survival | Mandl, 1959 | |
| TBI / 3–8 | Rats | Liver glycogen levels | Chatterjee et al., 1959 | ||
| (+ hypoxia/hypothermia) | TBI / 2.5–95 | Mice | Bone marrow histology | Weiss, 1961 | |
| TBI / 0.5–1.5 | Pregnant rats | Testes survival in male offspring | Starkie, 1961 | ||
| (cysteine derivatives) | 5 | in vitro thymocytes | Cell survival; O2 content | Grant & Vos, 1962 | |
| TBI / 1.2 | Grasshoppers | Chromosome aberrations | Ray-Chaudhuri et al., 1962 | ||
| (vs. cysteine, AET) | 5–15 | in vitro thymocytes | Colony-forming assay | Vos et al., 1962 | |
| GI / 14–18 | Rats (exteriorized gut) | Mucosal function (Fe uptake) | Vergroesen et al., 1963 | ||
| (± anoxia) | 5–35 | in vitro kidney cells | Cell survival; O2 content | Vergroesen et al., 1963 | |
| GI / 18–30 | Rats (exteriorized gut) | Survival; histology | Prasad et al., 1963 | ||
| (+ derivatives) | TBI / 7.5–13.3 | Mice | Survival | van Bekkum & Nieuwerkerk, 1963 | |
| (vs. cystamine) | 5–15 | in vitro thymocytes | Colony-forming assay | Vos et al., 1962 | |
| DMSO: | TBI / 1–8 | Mice | Testicular weight/histology | Ashwood-Smith, 1961a | |
| (+ other sulphoxides) | TBI / 10.07 | Mice | Survival | Ashwood-Smith, 1961b | |
| (vs. dimethyl sulphone) | 5–40 | in vitro kidney cells | Colony-forming assay | Vos & Kaalen, 1962 | |
| TBI / LD98/30 | Mice (2 strains) | Survival; O2 tension | van der Meer et al., 1963 | ||
| (± AET/cysteamine) | TBI / 10–14 | Mice | Survival | Ashwood-Smith, 1962 | |
| Guanylthiourea | TBI / 9 | Mice | Survival | Stratton & Davis, 1962 | |
| MEG: | TBI / 9 | Mice | Survival | Deanovic et al., 1963 | |
| (vs. cysteine, DMSO) | 60–250 | Serratia marcescens | Bacterial survival | Dewey, 1963 | |
| Thiuronium salts | TBI / 10.07 | Mice | Survival; body temperature | Ashwood-Smith & Smith, 1959 | |
| Toxic compounds: | |||||
| 5-hydroxytryptamine: | 5–15 | in vitro thymocytes | Colony-forming assay | Vos et al., 1962 | |
| TBI / 5–19 | Mice | Survival | van den Brenk & Haas, 1961 | ||
| (vs. tryptamine) | TBI / 10–16 | Rats & mice | Survival | van der Meer & van Bekkum, 1961 | |
| TBI / 6.75–12.5 | Mice | Survival | Langendorff et al., 1959 | ||
| Cyanide | TBI / 8 | Rats | 39Fe uptake | Bose, 1959 | |
| Histamine, epinephrine, etc.: | TBI / 6.75–12 | Mice (2 strains) | Survival; O2 tension | van der Meer & van Bekkum, 1959 | |
| (indolealkylamines) | 9 | Rats | Survival | Supek et al., 1961 | |
| 5 | in vitro thymocytes | Cell survival | Grant & Vos, 1962 | ||
| Metabolites/Misc.: | |||||
| 2,4 dinitrophenol | TBI / 5.6–7.2 | Mice | Survival; bone marrow recovery | Praslicka et al., 1962 | |
| EDTA | TBI / 7.4 Gy | Rats | Survival | Rixon & Whitfield, 1961 | |
| Glycerol | 5–40 | in vitro kidney cells | Colony-forming assay | Vos & Kaalen, 1962 | |
| Olive oil | TBI / 6.25 | Mice | Survival | Maqsood & Ashikawa, 1962 | |
| Parathyroid hormone | TBI / 7–10 Gy | Rats | Survival | Rixon & Whitaker, 1961 | |
Abbreviations: 5-HIAA: 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid; AET: 2-aminoethyl isothiuronium bromide hydrobromide; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; EDTA: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; GI: gastrointestinal tract; MEG: 2-mercaptoethylguanidine;TBI: total body irradiation.