Table 2.
Survey of articles on radiation countermeasures in the International Journal of Radiation Biology from 1987–1991.
| Class of drug | Volume/dose range (Gy) | Models used | Mechanism (M) / Normal tissue endpoint (N) | Investigator(s) reference and year | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RADIATION PROTECTANTS | |||||
| Sulfhydryl compounds: | |||||
| 2-mercaptoproprionol glycine | 3.2 & 4.8 | in vitro erythrocytes /microsomes | (M) Lipid peroxidation; enzyme activity | Ayene et al., 1988 | |
| Cysteamine (± hypoxia) | 0–26 | in vitro HeLa/CHO | (N) Cell survival | Vos & Roos-Verhey, 1988 | |
| 10 | in vitro CHO | (N) Cell survival; DNA repair | Murray et al., 1990 | ||
| Dithiothreitol (DTT) (± hypoxia) | 29, 87 | in vitro V79–379A | (N) DNA breaks | Solen et al., 1990 | |
| (± hypoxia) | 29, 57, 86 | in vitro CHO | (N) DNA breaks | Solen et al., 1991 | |
| (+ hypothermia) | 0–750 | in vitro Escherichia coli | (N) Colony-forming assay | Smith & Claycamp, 1988 | |
| 10 | in vitro CHO | (N) Cell survival; DNA repair | Murray et al., 1990 | ||
| DMSO | 0–5 | in vitro human lymphocytes | (N) Chromosome aberrations | Littlefield et al., 1988 | |
| Glutathione (± hypoxia) | 0–26 | in vitro HeLa/CHO | (N) Cell survival | Vos & Roos-Verhey, 1988 | |
| WR-2721: | TBI / 5, 15 | Mice | (N) DSBs; GI survival | Hanson & Grdina, 1987 | |
| TBI / 6–20 | Mice | (N) Survival | Fatome et al., 1987 | ||
| (± EDTA) | 66–399 | in vitro erythrocytes / microsomes | (M) Lipid peroxidation; enzyme activity | Ayene & Srivastava, 1989 | |
| WR-255591 | 5–30 | in vitro CHO | (N) Cell survival; DNA repair | Murray et al., 1988 | |
| WR-151326 | 10 | in vitro CHO | (N) Cell survival; DNA repair | Murray et al., 1990 | |
| Relevant Biologics: | |||||
| 5-azacytidine vs. sodium butyrate (pre- and post-RT) | 0–10 | V79A03 (hamster lung fibroblasts) | (N) Cell survival; DNA Methylation | Kalinich et al., 1991 | |
| 16–16 dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (pre-RT) | TBI / 5, 15 | Mice | (N) DSBs; gut clonogen survival | Hanson & Grdina, 1987 | |
| Antimicrobial therapy (GEN ± MTZ post-RT) | TBI/10 | Mice | (M/N) Bowel flora; bacterial infection | Brook et al., 1988 | |
| Calmodulin antagonists (CPZ, PMZ, TMZ) | 0–1092 | Rat liver microsomes | (M) Lipid peroxidation | Varshney & Kale, 1990 | |
| Human G-CSF | TBI / 2, 3.5 | Dogs | (N) Survival; bone marrow recovery | MacVittie et al., 1990 | |
| Human interleukin 1-a | TBI / 8 | Mice | (N) Survival; bone marrow recovery | Wu et al., 1989 | |
| OK432 (polysaccharide) | TBI / 8.5 | Mice | (N) Survival | Kurishita et al., 1991 | |
| PARP inhibitor | 5–15 | in vitro human lymphocytes | (N) Cell survival; DNA repair | Marini et al., 1990 | |
| Polyacrylamide beads (re. inflammation) | TBI / 8.5–12 | Mice | (M/N) Survival | Herodin et al., 1987 | |
| Miscellaneous: | |||||
| BW12C (anti-sickling agent) | 15–50 90Sr | Pig skin | (N) Moist desquamation | van den Aardweg et al., 1991 | |
| Linoleate (post-RT) | 2 | in vitro bone marrow / lymphocytes | (N) Chromosome damage | Norman et al., 1988 | |
| Papaya juice | 0–640 | -- | (M) Free radical scavenging | Webman et al., 1989 | |
| RADIATION TREATMENTS | |||||
| Chelating agents | |||||
| Ca-DTPA | 17–69 kBq 241Am | Dogs | (M) Translocation from lungs | Guilmette & Muggenburg, 1988 | |
| (vs. LICAM(C)) | 5 kBq 238Pu / 5 kBq 241Am | Rats | (M) Efficacy | Stradling et al., 1989 | |
| (vs. Zn-DTPA) | 31.4 kBq 239Pu | Dogs | (N) Survival; carcinogenesis (osteosarcoma) | Bruenger et al., 1991 | |
| DFO-HOPO vs. DTPA-PX vs. DTPA | 200 Bq 238Pu, 450 Bq 241 Am | Rats | (M) Drug efficacy | Stradling et al., 1991 | |
| Tetra-THB-spermine | 6.6 kBq 239Pu | Mice | (M/N) Efficacy; toxicity | Szot et al., 1989 | |
| Zn-DTPA | 111 kBq 141Ce | Rat pups | (M) Gut/whole body retention | Kostial et al., 1987 | |
| 58, 373 kBq 241Am | Mice | (N) Survival; late disease | Schoeters et al., 1991 | ||
Abbreviations: CHO: Chinese hamster ovary; CMZ: calmidazolium; DFO-HOPO: desferrioxamine-2,3-dihydroxy-(4-carboxybenzoyl)-tetra-azatetradecane; DSB: double strand breaks; DTPA: diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid; G-CSF: granulocyte colony stimulating factor; GEN: gentamycin; GI: gastrointestinal tract; MTZ: metronidazole; PARP: poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase; PMZ: promethazine; TBI: total body irradiation; THB: tetrahydrobiopterin; TMZ: temozolomide.