Table 1.
Characteristics of Tanzanian TB patients with (n=20) and without (n=19) DMa
| All patients (n=39) | TB patients with DM (n=19) | TB patients without DM (n=20) | P b | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (female) | 9 (23) | 4 (21) | 5 (25) | 1.00 |
| Age (years) | 42 (19–81) | 50 (30–81) | 38 (19–64) | 0.001 |
| Body weight (kg) | 56 (33–75) | 58 (33–75) | 55 (45–65) | 0.258 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 19.1 (12.9–28.2) | 21.3 (12.9–28.2) | 19.0 (15.9–24.8) | 0.380 |
| Dose (mg/kg) | ||||
| rifampicin | 10.3 (8.0–13.6) | 10.0 (8.0-13.6) | 10.3 (9.2–12.0) | 0.101 |
| isoniazid | 5.2 (4.0–6.8) | 5.0 (4.0–6.8) | 5.2 (4.6–6.0) | 0.101 |
| pyrazinamide | 27.6 (21.3–36.4) | 26.7 (21.3–36.4) | 27.6 (24.6–32.0) | 0.101 |
| ethambutol | 19.0 (14.7–25.0) | 18.3 (14.7–25.0) | 19.0 (16.9–22.0) | 0.101 |
| HIV status (positive) | 13 (33) | 6 (32) | 7 (35) | 0.821 |
| FBG (mmol/L)c | 7.8 (5–32) | 15.9 (6.9–31.5) | 6.9 (5.0–8.0) | <0.001 |
| HBA1c (mmol/mol) | 55 (27–147) | 111 (65–147) | 39 (27–45) | <0.001 |
| Acetylator status based on isoniazid elimination half-life (slow acetylators)d | 22/39 (56) | 10/19 (53) | 12/20 (60) | 0.643 |
| Acetylator status based on acetyl-isoniazid/isoniazid concentration ratio at 3 h (slow acetylators)e,f | 18/37 (49) | 8/18 (44) | 10/19 (53) | 0.619 |
| Diabetes treatment | ||||
| dietary only | 3 (16) | – | ||
| metformin | 10 (53) | – | ||
| chlorpropamide | 9 (47) | – | ||
| glibenclamide | 6 (32) | – | ||
| Presenting symptoms | ||||
| cough | 29 (74) | 14 (74) | 15 (75) | |
| night sweats | 30 (77) | 13 (68) | 17 (85) | |
| fever | 10 (26) | 6 (32) | 4 (20) | |
| weight loss | 37 (95) | 17 (89) | 20 (100) | |
| anorexia | 6 (15) | 2 (11) | 4 (20) | |
| chest pain | 4 (10) | 2 (11) | 2 (10) | |
| shortness of breath | 2 (5) | 2 (11) | – | |
| haemoptysis | 4 (10) | 3 (16) | 1 (5) | |
| fatigue | 1 (3) | – | 1 (5) |
Data are presented as n (%), median (minimum–maximum) or n/N (%).
P values are derived from χ2 tests (categorical variables) or Wilcoxon rank-sum tests (continuous variables).
FBG was assessed in the morning of pharmacokinetic sampling.
Acetylator status based on isoniazid elimination half-life; participants with an elimination half-life >130 min were classified as slow metabolizers and those with a shorter elimination half-life were classified as fast/intermediate metabolizers.
Acetylator status based on the acetyl-isoniazid/isoniazid concentration ratio at time 3 h after the dose; participants with a ratio <1.5 were classified as slow metabolizers and those with a ratio >1.5 were classified as fast/intermediate metabolizers.
In samples of 2/39 patients, the measurement of acetyl-isoniazid concentrations at timepoint 3 h was not possible.