Table 2.
Expected reasons for leaving the labour market among men and women in ISCO groups 1–4 and 5–9, respectively, provided as prevalence and 95% confidence intervals
| ISCO 1–4 (mainly seated work) | ISCO 5–9 (mainly physical work) | ISCO 5–9 vs. 1–4 | Women vs. men | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | Men | Women | |||
| n = 3466 | n = 3867 | n = 2580 | n = 1439 | ORa | ORa | |
| Leisure | ||||||
| That you want do determine yourself what you want to do | 56 (54–58) | 55 (53–56) | 39 (36–41) | 32 (29–34) | 0.44 (0.40–0.49) | 0.87 (0.79–0.94) |
| To have more time for hobbies | 50 (48–52) | 49 (47–51) | 34 (32–36) | 29 (26–32) | 0.48 (0.43–0.52) | 0.89 (0.82–0.97) |
| Health, work demands and well-being | ||||||
| That you will not be capable of doing your job | 19 (18–21) | 24 (23–26) | 27 (25–29) | 37 (34–39) | 1.68 (1.51–1.86) | 1.44 (1.30–1.59) |
| Poor physical health | 13 (12–14) | 15 (14–16) | 25 (23–27) | 26 (23–28) | 2.06 (1.84–2.30) | 1.13 (1.01–1.26) |
| That you do not thrive at the workplace | 11 (10–12) | 9 (8–10) | 7 (6–8) | 6 (4–7) | 0.58 (0.49–0.69) | 0.85 (0.73–0.98) |
| Poor mental health | 6 (5–7) | 5 (5–6) | 5 (4–6) | 4 (3–5) | 0.77 (0.63–0.95) | 0.87 (0.72–1.05) |
| Economy and retirement considerations | ||||||
| Possibility of receiving pension | 30 (28–32) | 28 (27–30) | 25 (23–27) | 23 (20–25) | 0.77 (0.69–0.85) | 0.91 (0.83–1.01) |
| Economic considerations | 26 (24–28) | 23 (21–24) | 14 (13–16) | 10 (8–12) | 0.43 (0.38–0.49) | 0.79 (0.71–0.88) |
| Possibility of receiving voluntary early retirement pension | 11 (9–12) | 25 (23–26) | 20 (18–22) | 32 (29–34) | 1.69 (1.52–1.89) | 2.28 (2.05–2.54) |
| Good retirement conditions at the workplace | 9 (8–10) | 6 (6–7) | 5 (4–6) | 2 (1–3) | 0.48 (0.39–0.59) | 0.65 (0.55–0.77) |
| Norms | ||||||
| It is common to leave at that age in your type of work | 11 (10–13) | 12 (11–13) | 9 (8–10) | 9 (8–11) | 0.77 (0.67–0.90) | 1.04 (0.91–1.19) |
| To make space for younger employees | 10 (9–11) | 10 (9–11) | 13 (11–14) | 12 (10–14) | 1.31 (1.13–1.51) | 0.98 (0.85–1.12) |
| External factors | ||||||
| Wish from spouse | 10 (9–11) | 7 (6–8) | 5 (4–6) | 3 (2–4) | 0.46 (0.38–0.57) | 0.65 (0.55–0.77) |
| Termination of employment | 6 (5–7) | 4 (3–4) | 3 (3–4) | 2 (1–3) | 0.51 (0.40–0.65) | 0.57 (0.46–0.70) |
| At the request of the workplace | 4 (3–5) | 2 (2–3) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 0.42 (0.30–0.59) | 0.58 (0.44–0.77) |
| None of the above | 4 (3–5) | 3 (2–4) | 4 (3–5) | 3 (2–4) | 0.97 (0.76–1.24) | 0.75 (0.59–0.94) |
ORs for ISCO groups 5–9 (ref: 1–4) and women (ref: men) are provided in the last two columns.
a
Controlled for ISCO group, sex and age.