Table 2.
Independent variables examined for relations to urinary tract infections on cancer patients at the University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital, Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019.
| Characteristics | Number (%) | Urinary tract infection | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) +ve for UTI | No. (%) −ve for UTI | Crude OR (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P value | |||
| Sex | Female | 70 (53.8) | 18 (64.3) | 52 (56.5) | 1.4 (0.58–3.74) | 0.47 | — | — |
| Male | 50 (41.7) | 10 (35.7) | 40 (43.5) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | — | ||
|
| ||||||||
| Residences | Urban | 74 (61.7) | 17 (60.7) | 57 (62) | 0.95 (0.40–2.26) | 0.91 | — | — |
| Rural | 46 (38.3) | 11 (39.3) | 35 (38) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | — | ||
|
| ||||||||
| Age in years | <20 years | 17 (14.3) | 4 (14.3) | 13 (14.1) | 2.07 (0.48–8.97) | 0.52 | — | — |
| 21–30 years | 15 (12.5) | 2 (7.1) | 13 (14.1) | 4.14 (0.71–24.12) | 0.33 | — | — | |
| 31–40 years | 28 (21.4) | 6 (21.4) | 22 (23.9) | 2.33 (0.63–8.64) | 0.12 | 0.30 (0.156–4.46) | 0.18 | |
| 41–60 years | 42 (35) | 9 (32.1) | 33 (35.9) | 0.41 (0.18–0.9) | 0.20 | 0.25 (0.529–19.47) | 0.09 | |
| >60 years | 18 (15) | 7 (25) | 11 (12) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
|
| ||||||||
| Educational status | Illiterate | 50 (41.7) | 13 (46.4) | 37 (40.2) | 0.71 (0.20–2.5) | 0.59 | — | — |
| Read and write | 9 (7.5) | 4 (14.3) | 5 (5.4) | 0.3 (0.05–1.7) | 0.18 | 0.24 (1.05–124.54) | 0.16 | |
| Primary | 20 (16.7) | 2 (7.1) | 18 (19.6) | 2.3 (0.36–13.9) | 0.38 | — | — | |
| Secondary | 21 (17.5) | 5 (17.9) | 16 (17.4) | 0.8 (0.18–3.54) | 0.77 | — | — | |
| 12 and above | 20 (16.7) | 4 (14.3) | 16 (17.4) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
|
| ||||||||
| Occupation | Farmer | 43 (35.8) | 12 (42.9) | 31 (33.7) | 0.25 (0.05–1.21) | 0.08 | 0.53 (0.327–2.967) | 0.089 |
| Merchant | 22 (18.3) | 7 (25) | 15 (16.3) | 0.20 (0.04–1.12) | 0.07 | 4.14 (0.458–6.454) | 0.13 | |
| Students | 15 (12.5) | 4 (14.3) | 11 (12) | 0.26 (0.04–1.66) | 0.26 | — | — | |
| Unemployed | 17 (14.2) | 3 (10.7) | 14 (15.2) | 0.44 (0.07–3.00) | 0.41 | 2.10 (0.177–1.646) | 0.54 | |
| Employed | 23 (19.2) | 2 (7.1) | 20 (22.8) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
|
| ||||||||
| Income | <17 dollar | 53 (44.2) | 15 (53.6) | 38 (41.3) | 0.25 (0.05–1.22) | 0.08 | 8.64 (0.909–11.882) | 0.12 |
| 18–33 dollar | 27 (22.5) | 5 (17.9) | 22 (23.9) | 0.44 (0.08–2.53) | 0.36 | — | — | |
| 34–50 dollar | 12 (10) | 3 (10.7) | 9 (9.8) | 0.30 (0.04–2.12) | 0.23 | — | — | |
| 51–67 dollar | 6 (5) | 3 (10.7) | 3 (3.3) | 0.10 (0.01–0.0.87) | 0.04 | 0.25 (0.542–15.58) | 0.09 | |
| >68 dollar | 22 (18.3) | 2 (7.1) | 20 (21.7) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
|
| ||||||||
| Marital status | Married | 91 (75.8) | 22 (78.6) | 69 (75) | 0.82 (0.30–2.23) | 0.70 | — | — |
| Unmarried | 29 (24.2) | 6 (21.4) | 23 (25) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
|
| ||||||||
| History of hospitalization | Yes | 104 (86.7) | 23 (82.1) | 81 (88) | 0.63 (0.20–2.00) | 0.42 | — | — |
| No | 16 (13.3) | 5 (17.9) | 11 (12) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | — | — | |
|
| ||||||||
| History of surgery | Yes | 64 (53.3) | 14 (50) | 50 (54.3) | 0.84 (0.36–2.00) | 0.68 | — | — |
| No | 56 (46.7) | 14 (50) | 42 (45.7) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | — | — | |
|
| ||||||||
| History of catheterization | Yes | 8 (6.7) | 2 (7.1) | 6 (6.5) | 1.10 (0.21–5.80) | 0.91 | — | — |
| No | 112 (93.3) | 26 (92.9) | 86 (93.5) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | — | — | |
|
| ||||||||
| History of previous UTI | Yes | 4 (3.3) | 2 (7.1) | 2 (2.2) | 0.29 (0.40–2.20) | 0.22 | — | — |
| No | 116 (96.7) | 26 (92.9) | 90 (97.8) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | — | — | |
|
| ||||||||
| Type of cancer | Blood | 12 (10) | 1 (3.6) | 11 (12) | 0.92 (0.30–2.23) | 0.38 | — | — |
| Colon | 22 (18) | 4 (14.3) | 18 (19.6) | 1.20 (0.21–5.80) | 0.45 | — | ||
| Bladder | 9 (7.5) | 2 (7.1) | 7 (7.6) | 0.41 (0.03–5.30) | 0.38 | — | ||
| Breast | 32 (26.7) | 9 (32.1) | 21 (22.8) | 0.30 (0.01–0.87) | 0.17 | 0.47 (0.094–2.486) | 0.49 | |
| Lymph | 22 (18.3) | 7 (25) | 15 (16.3) | 0.44 (0.08–2.53) | 0.15 | 0.70 (0.049–3.189) | 0.64 | |
| Thyroid | 23 (19.2) | 5 (17.9) | 20 (21.7) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
|
| ||||||||
| Cancer treatment follow-up | <1 year | 97 (80.8) | 25 (89.3) | 72 (78.2) | 0.26 (0.03–2.13) | 0.2 | 3.32 (0.542–15.58) | 0.33 |
| 1–2 years | 11 (9.2) | 2 (7.1) | 9 (9.8) | 0.41 (0.03–5.30) | 0.4 | — | — | |
| >2 years | 12 (10) | 1 (3.6) | 11 (12) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |