Table 4.
Logistic regression analyses of variables associated with being dispensed a benzodiazepine or z-hypnotic, and a gabapentinoid
| a) | ||||
| 2017 | Dispensed a benzodiazepine or z-hypnotic | |||
| N = 3764 | ||||
| cOR | p-value | aOR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Age | ||||
| - ≤ 25 | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.0 (ref.) | ||
| - 26-35 | 1.0 | .80 | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) | .76 |
| - 36-45 | 1.0 | .85 | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) | .94 |
| - 46-55 | 1.6 | .02 | 1.7 (1.1–2.5) | .05 |
| - ≥ 56 | 1.9 | < .01 | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | .01 |
| Gender | ||||
| - Men | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.0 (ref.) | ||
| - Women | 1.2 | < .01 | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | < .01 |
| The number of dispensations of OAT opioids | ||||
| - ≥ 52 | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.0 (ref.) | ||
| - 13-51 | 1.3 | < .01 | 1.2 (1.1–1.5) | .01 |
| - 7-12 | 1.1 | .27 | 1.0 (0.9–1.3) | .73 |
| - 1-6 | 1.3 | .03 | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | .23 |
| OAT opioidsa | ||||
| - Buprenorphine (incl. combinations) | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.0 (ref.) | ||
| - Methadone (incl. Levomethadone) | 1.4 | < .01 | 1.3 (1.2–1.4) | < .01 |
| Dispensed a non-OAT opioid | 3.5 | < .01 | 3.0 (2.6–3.5) | < .01 |
| Dispensed a gabapentinoid | 3.0 | < .01 | 2.5 (2.1–3.0) | < .01 |
| b) | ||||
| 2017 | Dispensed a gabapentinoid | |||
| N = 845 | ||||
| cOR | p-value | aOR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Age | ||||
| - ≤ 25 | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.0 (ref.) | ||
| - 26-35 | 1.1 | .71 | 1.2 (0.6–2.2) | .60 |
| - 36-45 | 1.0 | .90 | 1.1 (0.6–2.0) | .79 |
| - 46-55 | 1.0 | .99 | 0.9 (0.5–1.7) | .75 |
| - ≥ 56 | 1.0 | .95 | 0.8 (0.4–1.5) | .45 |
| Gender | ||||
| - Men | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.0 (ref.) | ||
| - Women | 1.3 | < .01 | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | .16 |
| The number of dispensations of OAT opioids | ||||
| - ≥ 52 | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.0 (ref.) | ||
| - 13-51 | 0.9 | .62 | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | .31 |
| - 7-12 | 1.0 | .95 | 0.9 (0.7–1.3) | .72 |
| - 1-6 | 1.5 | .01 | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | .26 |
| OAT opioidsa | ||||
| - Buprenorphine (incl. combinations) | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.0 (ref.) | ||
| - Methadone (incl. Levomethadone) | 1.1 | .46 | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | .41 |
| Dispensed a non-OAT opioid | 3.7 | < .01 | 3.0 (2.5–3.5) | <.01 |
| Dispensed a benzodiazepine or z-hypnotic | 3.0 | < .01 | 2.5 (2.1–3.0) | <.01 |
cOR crude odds ratio, aOR adjusted odds ratio, CI Confidence interval, and OAT Opioid agonist therapy
aThe last type of dispensed OAT opioid
Table a) and b) display unadjusted (crude) and adjusted odds ratio for all independent variables of patients who were dispensed at least a benzodiazepine or z-hypnotic, and a gabapentinoid, respectively, in 2017 in Norway. a) Being dispensed at least a benzodiazepine or z-hypnotic was defined as a dependent variable, and age, gender, ‘the number of dispensations of OAT opioids,’ ‘OAT opioids,’ ‘dispensed a non-OAT opioid,’ and ‘dispensed a gabapentinoid’ were defined as categorical and independent variables. b) Being dispensed a gabapentinoid was defined as a dependent variable, and age, gender, ‘the number of dispensations of OAT opioids,’ ‘OAT opioids,’ ‘dispensed a non-OAT opioid,’ and ‘dispensed a benzodiazepine or z-hypnotic’ were defined as categorical and independent variables